瑞典隆德大学S. M. Reimann研究组发现了反偶极环超固体中的选择性旋转和吸引持续电流。这一研究成果于2025年3月10日发表在《物理评论A》杂志上。

众所周知，环上相互作用的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体表现出持续的电流。然而，对于有吸引力的相互作用，可能会形成一个束缚态，使旋转成为经典。研究组表明，在多重连接约束中，反偶极凝聚体的强平面内引力可以形成环形密度块的堆叠，这些块可以相干重叠，沿系统的方位角对称轴形成超固体。

有趣的是，反偶极环凝聚体的能量角动量色散的功能行为不同于通常的排斥超流体。持续流动和非旋转基态之间的周期性最大值显著变平，能量分散中的典型明显尖端也出现在旋转对称的超固态中。薄弱环节会导致该最小值减小，将其转移到较小的角动量。通过非对称连接势，可以在同一系统内的不同层中选择性地诱导超流体和刚体旋转。这种有趣的设置为原子电子学应用提供了新的视角。

附：英文原文

Title: Selective rotation and attractive persistent currents in antidipolar ring supersolids

Author: K. Mukherjee, T. Arnone Cardinale, S. M. Reimann

Issue&Volume: 2025/03/10

Abstract: A repulsively interacting Bose-Einstein condensate on a ring is well known to show persistent currents. For attractive interactions, however, a bound state may form that renders the rotation classical. Here we show that in a multiply connected confinement, the strong in-plane attraction of an antidipolar condensate can form stacks of ring-shaped density lumps which may coherently overlap to form a supersolid along the azimuthal symmetry axis of the system. Intriguingly, the functional behavior of the energy–angular-momentum dispersion of the antidipolar ring condensate differs from that of a usual repulsive superfluid. The periodic maxima between persistent flow and the nonrotating ground state flatten significantly and the typical pronounced cusps in the energy dispersion also occur in the rotationally symmetric supersolid state. A weak link results in the reduction of this minimum, shifting it to smaller angular momenta. With an asymmetric link potential one can selectively induce superfluid and rigid-body rotation in different layers within the same system. This intriguing setup offers new perspectives for atomtronics applications.

DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.111.033304

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.111.033304