近日，美国哈佛大学的Mikhail D. Lukin及其研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们揭示可编程模拟器上的量子粗化和集体动力学。相关研究成果已于2025年2月5日在国际权威学术期刊《自然》上发表。

该研究团队利用基于里德伯原子阵列的可编程量子模拟器，实验研究了跨越(2+1)维伊辛量子相变的集体动力学。在穿过量子临界点后，研究人员观察到通过反铁磁有序畴的粗化，关联逐渐增强。通过确定性地制备有序畴并跟踪其演化，研究人员证明粗化是由畴边界的曲率驱动的，并且发现随着接近量子临界点，动力学过程会加快。

研究人员对这些现象进行了定量探索，并进一步观察到序参量的长寿命振荡，这对应于振幅（“希格斯”）模式。这些观察结果为了解强关联量子系统和非平衡量子过程中的涌现集体动力学提供了新视角。

据悉，理解非平衡多体系统的集体量子动力学是量子科学领域的一项重大挑战。尤其是由量子涨落驱动的动力学，对于奇异量子物相的形成、基本高能过程、量子计量学和量子算法都至关重要。

附：英文原文

Title: Quantum coarsening and collective dynamics on a programmable simulator

Author: Manovitz, Tom, Li, Sophie H., Ebadi, Sepehr, Samajdar, Rhine, Geim, Alexandra A., Evered, Simon J., Bluvstein, Dolev, Zhou, Hengyun, Koyluoglu, Nazli Ugur, Feldmeier, Johannes, Dolgirev, Pavel E., Maskara, Nishad, Kalinowski, Marcin, Sachdev, Subir, Huse, David A., Greiner, Markus, Vuleti, Vladan, Lukin, Mikhail D.

Issue&Volume: 2025-02-05

Abstract: Understanding the collective quantum dynamics of non-equilibrium many-body systems is an outstanding challenge in quantum science. In particular, dynamics driven by quantum fluctuations are important for the formation of exotic quantum phases of matter, fundamental high-energy processes, quantum metrology and quantum algorithms. Here we use a programmable quantum simulator based on Rydberg atom arrays to experimentally study collective dynamics across a (2+1)-dimensional Ising quantum phase transition. After crossing the quantum critical point, we observe a gradual growth of correlations through coarsening of antiferromagnetically ordered domains. By deterministically preparing and following the evolution of ordered domains, we show that the coarsening is driven by the curvature of domain boundaries, and find that the dynamics accelerate with proximity to the quantum critical point. We quantitatively explore these phenomena and further observe long-lived oscillations of the order parameter, corresponding to an amplitude (‘Higgs’) mode. These observations offer a viewpoint into emergent collective dynamics in strongly correlated quantum systems and non-equilibrium quantum processes.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08353-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08353-5