智利千年火山风险研究所Pablo Salas团队取得一项新进展。他们报道了智利中部安第斯火山带Cerro Overo maar地下的高导电性含水层。2025年2月13日，国际知名学术期刊《地质学》发表了这一成果。

Cerro Overo maar （COM）位于安第斯山脉的中央火山带（CVZ），具有安山岩玄武岩成分（~55 wt% SiO2），这在安第斯山脉的岩浆中是罕见的。它的形态源于世界上最干燥的沙漠之一的火山喷发。大地电磁研究生成了一个三维电阻率模型，表明COM下面有一个类似硅土的结构。

与世界上其他地沟不同的是，这个结构在200到700米深之间具有高导电性，可能是由没有排出物质的深层爆炸形成的。双atatreme可能已经演变成一个动态含水层，能够在火山喷发期间和之后储存和循环用水。

浸出研究表明，水岩与CVZ烟灰的相互作用释放出Li和As，导致储层的盐度升高。他们的研究结果突出了COM是一个独特的深盐水含水层的案例，为干旱火山地带的这些结构和地下水流动提供了新的见解。这项研究提供了一个框架，来理解地峡是一个独立的、富含矿物质的水文地质系统，特别是在Altiplano-Puna地区，该地区拥有世界上40%的锂储量。

附：英文原文

Title: Highly conductive diatreme aquifer beneath the Cerro Overo maar, Central Andean volcanic zone, Chile

Author: Noemi Alarcón, Daniel Díaz, Verónica Oliveros, Joseline Tapia, Gabriel Ureta, Pablo Salas

Issue&Volume: 2025-02-13

Abstract: Cerro Overo maar (COM), located in the Central volcanic zone (CVZ) of the Andes, has an andesitic basaltic composition (～55 wt% SiO2), which is uncommon in the magmas of the CVZ. Its morphology results from a phreatomagmatic eruption in one of the driest deserts in the world. A magnetotelluric study generated a three-dimensional resistivity model that indicates a diatreme-like structure beneath COM. Unlike other diatremes in the world, this structure is highly conductive between 200 and 700 m depth and probably formed by deep explosions that did not expel material. The diatreme would have evolved into a dynamic aquifer, capable of storing and recycling water during and after eruptive events. Leaching studies suggest that water-rock interactions with CVZ ignimbrites release Li and As, contributing to the salinity of the reservoir. Our results highlight COM as a unique case of a deep saline aquifer in a diatreme, offering new insights into these structures and groundwater flow in arid volcanic terrains. This study provides a framework for understanding diatremes as self-contained, mineral-rich hydrogeological systems, particularly in the Altiplano-Puna region, which hosts 40% of the world’s lithium reserves.

DOI: 10.1130/G52741.1

Source: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/doi/10.1130/G52741.1/652086/Highly-conductive-diatreme-aquifer-beneath-theredirectedFrom=fulltext