法国图卢兹大学Pierre-Marc Delaux课题组的一项最新研究发现，地钱泛基因组揭示了植物适应环境的古老机制。相关论文于2025年2月17日发表在《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

本文收集了133份模式苔藓植物地钱（Marchantia polymorpha），对其种内多样性、主题选择特征分析、基因组-环境关联研究和泛基因组分析进行了研究。该课题组人员发现了一些适应性特征，如过氧化物酶或核苷酸结合和富含亮氨酸的重复序列（NLRs），这些特征也在开花植物中观察到，可能是从第一批陆地植物遗传而来的。地钱泛基因组还含有种子植物所没有的谱系特异性附属基因。

研究人员得出的结论是，不同的陆地植物谱系仍然共享许多基因工具箱中的元素，这些元素是由它们最近的共同祖先进化而来的，以适应陆地栖息地，并通过谱系特异性多态性和基因家族进化加以完善。

据悉，植物对陆地生命的适应始于4.5亿年前，在地球上生命的进化中发挥了重要作用。允许这种适应多样性陆地限制的遗传机制主要是通过关注开花植物来研究的。

附：英文原文

Title: The Marchantia polymorpha pangenome reveals ancient mechanisms of plant adaptation to the environment

Author: Beaulieu, Chlo, Libourel, Cyril, Mbadinga Zamar, Duchesse Lacourt, El Mahboubi, Karima, Hoey, David J., Greiff, George R. L., Keller, Jean, Girou, Camille, San Clemente, Helene, Diop, Issa, Amblard, Emilie, Castel, Baptiste, Thron, Anthony, Cauet, Stphane, Rodde, Nathalie, Zachgo, Sabine, Halpape, Wiebke, Meierhenrich, Anja, Laker, Bianca, Brutigam, Andrea, Szovenyi, Peter, Cheng, Shifeng, Tanizawa, Yasuhiro, Aziz, Simon, Leebens-Mack, James H., Schmutz, Jeremy, Webber, Jenell, Grimwood, Jane, Jacquet, Christophe, Dunand, Christophe, Nelson, Jessica M., Roux, Fabrice, Philippe, Herv, Schornack, Sebastian, Bonhomme, Maxime, Delaux, Pierre-Marc

Issue&Volume: 2025-02-17

Abstract: Plant adaptation to terrestrial life started 450 million years ago and has played a major role in the evolution of life on Earth. The genetic mechanisms allowing this adaptation to a diversity of terrestrial constraints have been mostly studied by focusing on flowering plants. Here, we gathered a collection of 133 accessions of the model bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha and studied its intraspecific diversity using selection signature analyses, a genome–environment association study and a pangenome. We identified adaptive features, such as peroxidases or nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeats (NLRs), also observed in flowering plants, likely inherited from the first land plants. The M. polymorpha pangenome also harbors lineage-specific accessory genes absent from seed plants. We conclude that different land plant lineages still share many elements from the genetic toolkit evolved by their most recent common ancestor to adapt to the terrestrial habitat, refined by lineage-specific polymorphisms and gene family evolution.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-02071-4

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-02071-4