美国普林斯顿大学David S. Wilcove团队的一项最新研究发现了外包毁林造成的全球生物多样性损失。该研究于2025年2月12日发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然》杂志上。

到目前为止，课题组研究人员对各国如何通过对其他国家种植的农业和林业产品的需求，来应对本国境外的生物多样性丧失的了解非常不全面。

在这里，研究团队量化了2001年至2015年间，由于24个发达国家通过全球供应链消费产品导致的森林砍伐，对森林脊椎动物造成的全球范围损失。该课题组的研究表明，这些驱动型国家对其境内以外物种的累积范围损失负有更大的责任。这些国际影响集中在地理上，使他们能够绘制出生物多样性严重丧失的全球热点。国家对附近地区物种的外部影响最大。

然而，在少数情况下，发达国家也对遥远国家的脊椎动物造成了不成比例的伤害。

据悉，全球化日益使各国能够将土地主题的环境成本外部化，包括生物多样性的丧失。

附：英文原文

Title: Global biodiversity loss from outsourced deforestation

Author: Wiebe, R. Alex, Wilcove, David S.

Issue&Volume: 2025-02-12

Abstract: Globalization increasingly allows countries to externalize the environmental costs of land use, including biodiversity loss. So far, we have a very incomplete understanding of how countries cause biodiversity loss outside their own borders through their demand for agricultural and forestry products grown in other countries2. Here we quantify the global range losses to forest vertebrates from 2001 to 2015 caused by deforestation attributable to 24 developed countries by means of their consumption of products obtained through global supply chains. We show that these driver countries are responsible for much greater cumulative range loss to species outside their own borders than within them. These international impacts were concentrated geographically, allowing us to map global hotspots of outsourced losses of biodiversity. Countries had the greatest external impacts on species occurring in nearby regions. However, in a few cases, developed countries also inflicted disproportionate harm on vertebrates in distant countries.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08569-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08569-5