美国哈佛医学院Hongbo R. Luo小组在研究中取得进展。他们的研究认为中性粒细胞衍生的囊泡控制补体激活，促进炎症消退。该项研究成果发表在2025年2月11日出版的《细胞》上。
研究小组发现中性粒细胞可以矛盾地通过积极产生抗炎的细胞外囊泡来帮助解决炎症。这些大的衰老中性粒细胞衍生囊泡（LAND-Vs）由于其特定的大小、结构或生物发生途径而不适合经典的囊泡分类。由于表面“不要吃我”的信号，它们受到保护，不被吞噬细胞清除，并在炎症的消退阶段积累。CD55通过抑制补体3转化酶对LAND-Vs发挥持久的抗炎作用，从而减少中性粒细胞募集和组织损伤。CD55+ LAND-Vs起源于有序的脂筏结构域，在中性粒细胞衰老过程中，CD55会在此区域发生不对称性聚集，并最终通过RhoA依赖性出芽机制形成囊泡结构。
总之，LAND-V作为一种关键的生理免疫调节剂出现，并展示了超越中性粒细胞有限寿命的功能，为炎症和感染性疾病提供了治疗靶点。
研究人员表示，虽然存在具有免疫抑制特性的亚群，但中性粒细胞通常以其促炎作用和病原体清除能力而闻名。
附：英文原文
Title: Neutrophil-derived vesicles control complement activation to facilitate inflammation resolution
Author: Alan Y. Hsu, Qingxiang Huang, Xiong Pi, Jianing Fu, Krishnan Raghunathan, Laxman Ghimire, Arumugam Balasubramanian, Xuemei Xie, Hongbo Yu, Fabien Loison, Viraga Haridas, Jiali Zha, Fei Liu, Shin-young Park, Kamal Bagale, Qian Ren, Yuping Fan, Yi Zheng, Jose A. Cancelas, Li Chai, Sean R. Stowell, Kanchao Chen, Rong Xu, Xiaoxue Wang, Yuanfu Xu, Lianghui Zhang, Tao Cheng, Fengxia Ma, Jay R. Thiagarajah, Hao Wu, Sizhou Feng, Hongbo R. Luo
Issue&Volume: 2025-02-11
Abstract: Although subsets with immunosuppressive properties exist, neutrophils are typically known for their pro-inflammatory role and pathogen clearance capabilities. Here, we reveal that neutrophils can paradoxically aid in resolving inflammation by actively producing anti-inflammatory extracellular vesicles. These large aging-neutrophil-derived vesicles (LAND-Vs) do not fit into classical vesicle categorizations due to their specific size, structure, or biogenesis pathway. They are protected from efferocytotic clearance by phagocytes due to surface “do not eat me” signals and accumulate in the resolution phase of inflammation. CD55 on LAND-Vs exerts a robust, sustained anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting complement 3 convertase, thereby reducing neutrophil recruitment and tissue damage. CD55+ LAND-Vs originate in ordered lipid raft domains, where CD55 accumulates asymmetrically during neutrophil aging, and are subsequently formed through RhoA-dependent budding. Collectively, LAND-V emerges as a pivotal physiological immunomodulator and showcases functions that transcend the limited lifespan of neutrophils, offering a therapeutic target for inflammatory and infectious diseases.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.01.021
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)00050-9