近日，美国罗彻斯特理工学院Ke-Wen Xiao团队研究了具有合成规范场的非厄米四阱势中的多体纠缠。相关论文于2025年12月17日发表在《物理评论A》杂志上。

多体纠缠作为量子多体物理与量子信息科学的核心，是量子计算、量子模拟和量子计量学的关键资源。尽管其在厄米系统中的特性已得到广泛研究，但在非厄米系统（特别是具有人工规范场的系统中）的行为机制仍鲜有探索。

研究组通过构建包含人工规范场通量、相互作用诱导的非线性以及宇称-时间（PT）对称破缺项的多体哈密顿量，探究了人工规范场与非互易耦合作用下四阱系统中的多体纠缠动力学。结果发现，非厄米性与规范场之间的相互作用为纠缠结构及其演化提供了前所未有的调控手段。特别值得注意的是，人工规范场可作为纠缠构型的可调开关，实现可分离态、二体纠缠、三体纠缠与全局纠缠构型之间的转变。

此外，研究组揭示了粒子数对PT对称相变和纠缠模式具有显著的奇偶效应，这凸显了粒子数宇称在非厄米多体系统中的重要作用。这些发现不仅深化了学界对非厄米系统中多体量子关联的理解，还为设计纠缠分辨量子传感器以及在人工量子平台上制备拓扑非平庸的多体态开辟了新途径。

附：英文原文

Title: Multipartite entanglement in a non-Hermitian quadruple-well potential with synthetic gauge fields

Author: Yan-Qiong Ma, Ke-Wen Xiao, Cheng-Jie Wang, Wen-Yuan Wang

Issue&Volume: 2025/12/17

Abstract: Multipartite entanglement lies at the heart of quantum many-body physics and quantum information science, serving as a key resource for quantum computation, quantum simulation, and quantum metrology. While its behavior in Hermitian systems has been extensively studied, its fate in non-Hermitian systems, especially those with synthetic gauge fields, remains largely unexplored. In this work we investigate multipartite entanglement dynamics in a quadruple-well system under the influence of synthetic gauge fields and nonreciprocal coupling. By constructing a many-body Hamiltonian that incorporates synthetic gauge fluxes, interaction-induced nonlinearity, and parity-time () symmetry-breaking terms, we reveal that the interplay between non-Hermiticity and gauge fields provides unprecedented control over entanglement structures and their evolution. Notably, the synthetic gauge field acts as a tunable switch for entanglement configurations, enabling transitions between separable, bipartite, tripartite, and globally entangled configurations. Furthermore, we uncover a striking odd-even effect of particle number on both -symmetry phase transitions and entanglement patterns, highlighting the role of particle-number parity in non-Hermitian many-body systems. These findings not only deepen our understanding of many-body quantum correlations in non-Hermitian systems but also open alternative avenues for designing entanglement-resolved quantum sensors and preparing topologically nontrivial many-body states in synthetic quantum platforms.

DOI: 10.1103/mvdk-grcq

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/mvdk-grcq