通过分析166头古代牛的鸟枪基因组序列，研究了中国牛遗传多样性的起源和进化，这些牛跨越了1万年的时间，包括现已灭绝的东亚野牛和来自主要考古文化的驯养牛。东亚和北亚原牛不同于西方的原牛，尽管东亚的原牛有大约15%的西方血统。黄河地区的第一批驯养牛的祖先约有10%来自全基因组分布不均匀的当地野牛。来自新疆的早期牛在基因上是不同的，部分地影响了后来中国北方的牛。瘤牛基因渗入现象直到中世纪时期才在中国北方广泛出现。
据了解，在过去的5000年里，东亚驯养牛的进化史在很大程度上仍然是模糊的。
附：英文原文
Title: Ancient genomes illuminate the origins and dynamic history of East Asian cattle
Author: Dawei Cai, Donghee Kim, Naifan Zhang, Xingcheng Wang, Tianshu Li, Jian Li, Chang Li, Shengnan Lian, Xinyue Shao, Songmei Hu, Miaomiao Yang, Jie Zhang, Yongqiang Wang, Qiurong Ruan, Idilisi Abuduresule, Linheng Mo, Wenyan Li, Xiaoning Guo, Wenying Li, Jing Shao, Zhouyong Sun, Yaqi Tian, Hui Wang, Ruilin Mao, Cunshi Zhu, Xiaoyang Wang, Xiaoyan Ren, Weilin Wang, Yan Ding, Pengcheng Zhang, Liping Yang, Jianen Cao, Yu Dang, Da Ha, Wei Zhang, Linshan He, Chunxue Wang, Lixin Wang, Quanchao Zhang, Jing Yuan, Xiaohong Wu, Chao Ning, Choongwon Jeong
Issue&Volume: 2025-12-18
Abstract: The evolutionary history of domesticated cattle in East Asia for the past 5000 years remains largely obscure. Here, we investigated the origins and evolution of cattle genetic diversity in China by analyzing shotgun genome sequences of 166 ancient bovines spanning a 10,000-year period and encompassing now-extinct East Asian aurochs and domesticated cattle from key archaeological cultures. East and North Asian aurochs were distinct from western aurochs, although East Asian aurochs harbored approximately 15% western ancestry. The first domesticated cattle in the Yellow River region derived approximately 10% of their ancestry from local aurochs with an uneven genome-wide distribution. Early cattle from Xinjiang were genetically distinct and partially contributed to the later northern Chinese cattle. Indicine admixture became widespread only in the Medieval period in northern China.
DOI: adu9904
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu9904