近日，哈尔滨工业大学Renlai Zhou团队报道了利用腔内附加相位偏置灵活调节耗散光孤子分子。这一研究成果于2025年12月16日发表在《物理评论A》杂志上。

在非线性耗散系统中，孤子可通过复杂的相互作用形成类粒子束缚态（即"孤子分子"），这一特性在生物医学成像、数据编码存储、大容量光通信等领域具有潜在应用价值。

研究组通过在腔内直接调控附加相位偏置，实现了全保偏锁模光纤激光器中多样化束缚态形成的灵活控制。通过调整非互易相移器中波片的取向，可为正交偏振光信号提供不同的附加相位偏置，同时非线性放大环形镜的非对称性变化会引发顺时针与逆时针方向非线性相移差改变，从而可编程化地形成具有不同动力学模式的孤子分子及其复合结构。更重要的是，在适当的小信号增益条件下，这种直接调控方法能够实现单孤子与双孤子分子或三孤子分子之间的状态切换。该发现为深入理解非线性孤子相互作用机制及超快科学中可重构孤子分子的产生提供了新途径。

附：英文原文

Title: Flexibly regulating dissipative optical soliton molecules via intracavity additional phase bias

Author: Huiting Tang, Renlai Zhou, Wenbin Luo, Encai Ji, Ye Li

Issue&Volume: 2025/12/16

Abstract: Facilitated by complex interactions in a nonlinear dissipative system, solitons can be bound as particle-like structures (“soliton molecules”), with potential applications in biomedical imaging, data coding storage, high-capacity optical communications, and so on. Here, we demonstrate a flexible control of diversiform bound states formation in an all-polarization-maintaining mode-locked fiber laser via direct manipulation of the additional phase bias in the cavity. Adjusting the waveplate orientation in a nonreciprocal phase shifter provides different additional phase biases for both orthogonally polarized light signals, and the changed asymmetry of nonlinear amplifying loop mirror induces the variation of the nonlinear phase-shift difference between the clockwise and counterclockwise directions, programming the formation of soliton molecules (SMs) and SM complexes with different dynamics patterns. More importantly, this straightforward approach allows for switching between single-soliton and dual-soliton molecule or triple-soliton molecule under appropriate small-signal gain. The findings offer novel approaches for an in-depth understanding of the nonlinear soliton interaction mechanism and the generation of reconfigurable soliton molecules in ultrafast science.

DOI: 10.1103/z1zy-t569

Source: https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/z1zy-t569