近日，复旦大学黄吉平团队研究了扩散输运中的时间反宇称-时间对称性。相关论文发表在2025年12月10日出版的《自然—物理学》杂志上。

宇称-时间对称性已彻底革新非厄米系统中的波与能量传输调控，但迄今为止主要局限于静态相位的研究，即系统行为被锁定于固定对称性或破缺对称性相位。时域动力学的广阔潜力在很大程度上尚未被发掘。

研究组提出时间反宇称-时间对称性的概念，该原理允许实时主动塑造系统的传输动力学。不同于设计静态相位，研究组通过调控非厄米相变的时序，使系统的时间演化本身成为可编程自由度。通过对材料特性和对流流动的动态调控，研究组能精确控制这些相变发生的时刻，从而掌握系统完整的传输历程。这种时序控制实现了高度可调的场局域化，并实现了反常规的热传输——使温度分布既能随对流正向移动，也能逆对流反向移动，甚至能稳定捕获在任意位置。该研究将非厄米物理学拓展至时域范畴，为按需调控波与能量传输建立了理论框架。

附：英文原文

Title: Temporal anti-parity–time symmetry in diffusive transport

Author: Jin, Peng, Wang, Chengmeng, Zhou, Yuhong, Yang, Shuihua, Yang, Fubao, Liu, Jinrong, Sun, Ya, Zhuang, Pengfei, Zhang, Yiyang, Xu, Liujun, Zhou, Yi, Ho, Ghim Wei, Qiu, Cheng-Wei, Huang, Jiping

Issue&Volume: 2025-12-10

Abstract: Parity–time symmetry has revolutionized wave and energy transport control in non-Hermitian systems, yet has so far been mostly explored in static phases, where a system’s behaviour is locked into a fixed-symmetric or broken-symmetry phase. The vast potential of time-domain dynamics has remained largely untapped. Here we introduce the concept of temporal anti-parity–time symmetry, a principle that allows the transport dynamics of a system to be actively shaped in real time. Rather than designing static phases, we influence the timing of non-Hermitian phase transitions, making the system’s temporal evolution itself a programmable degree of freedom. Through the dynamic control of material properties and convective flow, we dictate the exact moments these transitions occur, thereby controlling the entire transport history of the system. This temporal control achieves highly tunable field localization and realizes counterintuitive thermal transport, enabling temperature profiles to move forwards with convection, backwards against it or remain trapped at arbitrary locations. Our findings extend non-Hermitian physics into the time domain and establish a framework for on-demand wave and energy transport.

DOI: 10.1038/s41567-025-03129-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-025-03129-8