近日，意大利特伦托大学Nicola Segata及其团队的研究发现与健康、营养和饮食干预有关的肠道微生物。2025年12月10日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这项成果。

在34000多名拥有宏基因组、饮食、人体测量学和宿主健康数据的美国和英国参与者中，课题组人员确定了已知和尚未培养的肠道微生物群物种，这些物种与不同的饮食和风险因素显著相关。研究团队制定了一个与人类健康标志物最有利和最不利的物种排名，称为“ZOE微生物组健康排名2025”。该系统显示，在7800多份额外的公共样本中，微生物种类的排名与体重指数和宿主疾病状况之间存在强烈的、可重复的关联。在另外两项饮食干预临床试验的746人中，随着时间的推移，排名有利的物种的数量和流行度增加了，而排名不利的物种则减少了。总之，这些分析为饮食和微生物组与健康标志物的关联提供了强有力的支持，并且总结系统可以为未来的健康和机制研究提供基础。然而，应该强调的是，如果没有前瞻性队列研究和干预性临床试验，就不可能进行病因推断。

据悉，全球范围内心脏代谢疾病的发病率正在上升，不良饮食和人类肠道微生物群都与之有关。然而，该领域缺乏在不同人群中探索这些联系的大规模、全面的研究。

附：英文原文

Title: Gut micro-organisms associated with health, nutrition and dietary interventions

Author: Asnicar, Francesco, Manghi, Paolo, Fackelmann, Gloria, Baldanzi, Gabriel, Bakker, Elco, Ricci, Liviana, Piccinno, Gianmarco, Piperni, Elisa, Mladenovic, Katarina, Amati, Federica, Arr, Alberto, Ganesh, Sajaysurya, Giordano, Francesca, Davies, Richard, Wolf, Jonathan, Bermingham, Kate M., Berry, Sarah E., Spector, Tim D., Segata, Nicola

Issue&Volume: 2025-12-10

Abstract: The incidence of cardiometabolic diseases is increasing globally, and both poor diet and the human gut microbiome have been implicated1. However, the field lacks large-scale, comprehensive studies exploring these links in diverse populations2. Here, in over 34,000 US and UK participants with metagenomic, diet, anthropometric and host health data, we identified known and yet-to-be-cultured gut microbiome species associated significantly with different diets and risk factors. We developed a ranking of species most favourably and unfavourably associated with human health markers, called the ‘ZOE Microbiome Health Ranking 2025’. This system showed strong and reproducible associations between the ranking of microbial species and both body mass index and host disease conditions on more than 7,800 additional public samples. In an additional 746 people from two dietary interventional clinical trials, favourably ranked species increased in abundance and prevalence, and unfavourably ranked species reduced over time. In conclusion, these analyses provide strong support for the association of both diet and microbiome with health markers, and the summary system can be used to inform the basis for future causal and mechanistic studies. It should be emphasized, however, that causal inference is not possible without prospective cohort studies and interventional clinical trials.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09854-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09854-7