近日，加拿大渥太华大学Parviz Ajourlou团队报道了上地幔温度揭示了冰岛的热点轨迹，并加深了对格陵兰岛冰与地球相互作用的理解。相关论文于2025年12月8日发表在《美国科学院院刊》杂志上。

格陵兰下方地球的热结构反映了该区域的构造历史，并因地表热流及温度对地球流变学的影响而制约冰盖演化，进而影响冰川均衡调整。

研究组通过对多源卫星与陆地数据集进行概率联合反演，揭示了格陵兰下方岩石圈与上地幔的热结构，并探讨了其对于理解构造历史、均衡变形及格陵兰冰盖演化的意义。格陵兰曾漂移经过冰岛热点这一过程已广为人知，但关于其具体轨迹仍存在显著争议。该研究显示，热结构存在强烈的横向不均匀性，这与冰岛热点自西向东横穿格陵兰中部的轨迹重建结果吻合。应用温度模型推断固体地球的力学性质发现，上地幔的黏度变化可达3个数量级。

研究组构建了一组合理的三维黏度模型，其均能良好拟合古海平面与当代垂直陆地运动数据。这一结果支持了温度模型的可靠性，并对“需要大量瞬态变形分量来解释观测现象”的观点提出质疑。该区域温度与黏度模型可用于改进对格陵兰古冰盖变化的重建与理解，并探索三维地球结构对模拟过去及未来冰盖与海平面演化的影响。

附：英文原文

Title: Upper mantle temperatures illuminate the Iceland hotspot track and understanding of ice–Earth interactions in Greenland

Author: Ajourlou, Parviz, Milne, Glenn A., Love, Ryan, Afonso, Juan C., Salajegheh, Farshad, Latychev, Konstantin, Kjeldsen, Kristian K., Lepipas, Alexis, Martos, Yasmina M., Woodroffe, Sarah A.

Issue&Volume: 2025-12-8

Abstract: The thermal structure of the Earth beneath Greenland reflects the tectonic history of the region and impacts ice sheet evolution due to surface heat flow and the influence of temperature on Earth rheology, and thus glacial isostatic adjustment. We present results from a probabilistic joint inversion of multiple satellite and land-based datasets to determine the thermal structure of the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath Greenland and consider the implications for our understanding of the tectonic history, isostatic deformation, and Greenland ice sheet evolution. Passage of Greenland over the Iceland hotspot is well known but there remains considerable debate on the trajectory of this path. Our findings reveal strong lateral variability in thermal structure that is consistent with reconstructions of a west-to-east hotspot track across central Greenland. Applying our temperature model to infer mechanical properties of the solid Earth reveals viscosity variations reaching 3 orders of magnitude in the upper mantle. We generate an ensemble of plausible 3D viscosity models and produce quality fits to both paleo sea level and contemporary vertical land motion datasets. This result supports the veracity of our temperature model and questions the need for a large component of transient deformation to explain the observations. Our regional temperature and viscosity models can be used to develop improved reconstructions and understanding of past Greenland ice sheet changes and explore the influence of 3D Earth structure on simulating ice sheet and sea level evolution in the past and future.

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2504752122

Source: https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.2504752122