近日，美国亚利桑那大学James W. Vallance团队报道了1507年：雷尼尔火山千年以来最大规模火山泥流导致的森林地表掩埋。相关论文发表在2025年12月8日出版的《地质学》杂志上。

由美国华盛顿州雷尼尔山西侧山体滑坡引发、千年以来规模最大的火山泥流——埃勒克特伦泥流，曾沿皮阿拉普河流域奔涌60余公里，席卷现今人口稠密区域。通过对埋藏的带皮花旗松进行七组放射性碳测年数据的“摇摆匹配”，以99.7%的置信度确定该泥流发生于公元1477年至1522年之间。

为精确界定发生时间，研究组对21棵泥流致死树木的样本进行树木年轮交叉定年，测量并统计验证了86组时间序列。其中四棵带皮树木均在同一年死亡，其余树木最外层年轮已腐烂，仅暴露更早形成的年轮。交叉定年数据经整合后，构建出一条长达475年的主年轮序列，并与该地区已精确定年的树轮年表进行比对。埃勒克特伦年轮序列与低海拔地点（尤其是加拿大温哥华岛的花旗松年表）匹配度最高，表明这些树木死于公元1507年。最外层年轮中晚材已开始形成，提示泥流可能发生于夏末季节。埃勒克特伦泥流的成因尚不明确，但此项精确测年结果将有助于评估其与其他事件的潜在关联、辅助解读关于该泥流的原住民口述记载，并提升公众对火山泥流灾害的认识。

附：英文原文

Title: Forest-floor burial in 1507 by the largest Mount Rainier lahar of the past millennium

Author: Bryan A. Black, Patrick T. Pringle, James W. Vallance

Issue&Volume: 2025-12-08

Abstract: New dating of lahar-killed trees underscores volcano hazards in the Puget Sound metropolitan area. Beginning as a landslide from the west flank of Mount Rainier, Washington, USA, the Electron Mudflow, which was the largest lahar of the last millennium, swept more than 60 km down the Puyallup River drainage into areas now densely populated. Wiggle matching of seven radiocarbon ages from buried, bark-bearing Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees brackets the mudflow’s age between 1477 and 1522 CE with 99.7% certainty. To narrow this date, we applied dendrochronology crossdating on samples collected from 21 trees killed by the lahar, measuring 86 time series for statistical verification. The four bark-bearing trees died the same year while the final rings in all other trees had decayed, exposing rings formed in earlier years. When averaged together, the crossdated measurements form a 475 yr master chronology that was correlated against absolutely dated tree-ring chronologies in the region. The Electron chronology best matched with chronologies from low-elevation sites, especially a Douglas-fir chronology from Vancouver Island, Canada, to show that the Electron trees died in 1507 CE. Latewood in the final ring was beginning to form, indicating the mudflow likely occurred in the late-summer months. What caused the Electron Mudflow is unknown, but this precise date will help to assess possible relationships with other events, assist in interpreting Indigenous narratives about the mudflow, and increase awareness of potential lahar hazards.

DOI: 10.1130/G53721.1

Source: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/doi/10.1130/G53721.1/722051/Forest-floor-burial-in-1507-by-the-largest-MountredirectedFrom=fulltext