近日，美国遗传学系教授Gregory Soos及其课题组报道了阿根廷一个此前不为人知的血统延续了八千年。这一研究成果发表在2025年11月5日出版的国际学术期刊《自然》上。

在这里，该团队报告了238个古代个体的全基因组数据，跨度达1万年。最古老的，来自潘帕斯地区，可以追溯到一万年前与中全新世南锥个体具有明显的遗传亲缘关系，表明与安第斯山脉中部和巴西中部东部的分化已经开始。4600 - 150年的个体BP主要来自一个以前未采样的深层谱系，其中最早的代表是一个可追溯到8500年左右的个体。英国石油公司。这个阿根廷中部的世系在全新世中期与另外两个世系共存，在阿根廷中部，这个血统持续了15年，几乎没有证据表明有区域间的迁移。阿根廷中部的祖先参与了三种不同的基因流动：它在3300年前混合到潘帕斯草原。BP似乎在800年后成为了主要的组成部分BP，在阿根廷西北部有安第斯山脉中部的祖先，在大查科有热带和亚热带森林的祖先。在阿根廷西北部，近亲结合的比率增加了1000 BP，与安第斯山脉中部的模式相似。在帕拉纳河地区，400与Guaraní考古协会的BP个人与巴西群体的联系，与Guaraní在这一时期的存在一致。

据悉，南美洲的南锥体中部是地球上最后一个有人类居住的地区之一，在古代DNA研究中仍然缺乏代表性。

附：英文原文

Title: Eight millennia of continuity of a previously unknown lineage in Argentina

Author: Maravall-Lpez, Javier, Motti, Josefina M. B., Pastor, Nicols, Tavella, Mara Pa, Fabra, Mariana, Babot, Pilar, Bonomo, Mariano, Cornero, Silvia E., Lamenza, Guillermo N., Leon, Diego Catriel, Miranda de Zela, Paula C., Politis, Gustavo G., Angeletti, Sofa C., Cattneo, G. Roxana, Dantas, Mariana, Drube, Hilton, Gonzalez Baroni, Lucia G., Hocsman, Salomn, Izeta, Andrs D., Moralejo, Reinaldo A., Aldazabal, Vernica, Basso, Diego M., Bayn, Cristina, Couso, Mara Guillermina, DAndrea, Ulises, Del Ro, Paula, Figueroa, Germn G., Frontini, Romina, Gonzalez, Mariela Edith, Laguens, Andrs G., Martnez, Jorge G., Messineo, Pablo G., Nores, Beatriz, Olivera, Daniel E., Sario, Gisela M., Sbattella, Anala, Scabuzzo, Clara, Tavarone, Aldana M., Vecchi, Rodrigo, Callan, Kim, Caughran, Ella, Estrada, Oscar, Frost, Trudi, Iliev, Lora, Kearns, Aisling, Kellogg, Jack, Krettek, Kim-Louise, Lawson, Ann Marie, Mah, Matthew, Manjila, Nihal, Micco, Adam, Patterson, Iris, Qiu, Lijun, Roca-Rada, Xavier, Soos, Gregory

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-05

Abstract: The central Southern Cone of South America was one of the last regions of the globe to become inhabited by people1, and remains under-represented in studies of ancient DNA. Here we report genome-wide data from 238 ancient individuals spanning ten millennia. The oldest, from the Pampas region and dating to 10,000years before present (BP), had distinct genetic affinity to Middle Holocene Southern Cone individuals, showing that differentiation from the central Andes and central east Brazil had begun by this time. Individuals dating to 4,600–150BP primarily descended from a previously unsampled deep lineage of which the earliest representative is an individual dating to around 8,500BP. This central Argentina lineage co-existed with two other lineages during the Mid-Holocene and, within central Argentina, this ancestry persisted for thousands of years with little evidence of inter-regional migration. Central Argentina ancestry was involved in three distinct gene flows: it mixed into the Pampas by 3,300BP and seemingly became the main component there after 800BP, with central Andes ancestry in northwest Argentina, and with tropical and subtropical forest ancestry in the Gran Chaco. In northwest Argentina, there was an increased rate of close-kin unions by 1,000BP, paralleling the pattern in the central Andes. In the Paraná River region, a 400BP individual with a Guaraní archaeological association clusters with Brazilian groups, consistent with Guaraní presence by this time.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09731-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09731-3