挪威奥斯陆大学Eivind Ystrom课题组的研究开发出了基因与教育领域的关联。2025年11月4日出版的《自然—遗传学》杂志发表了这项成果。

本研究表明，遗传因素与芬兰、挪威和荷兰463134名个体的教育领域专业相关（有效n在40072至317209之间）。课题组人员确定了17个独立的全基因组显著变异，与10个教育领域中的7个相关，平均遗传率为7%。基因信号是特定于领域选择的，而不是教育水平，在控制了多年的学校教育和混杂因素后仍然存在。通过检查跨专业的基因测序，课题组研究人员发现了两个关键维度：技术与社会，实用与抽象。该研究组对这些成分进行了GWASs分析，并证明了它们与个性、行为和社会经济地位之间存在明显的遗传相关性。他们的研究结果表明，基因组研究可以阐明“水平”分层，揭示传统成就衡量标准之外的职业兴趣和社会分类。

据介绍，教育领域的选择会影响职业生涯、幸福感和社会技能分布，但基因对人们学习内容的影响仍然知之甚少。

附：英文原文

Title: Genetic associations with educational fields

Author: Cheesman, Rosa, Anapaz, Ville, van Alten, Sjoerd, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Porneso, Ralph, Ebeltoft, Joakim C., Ayorech, Ziada, Demange, Perline A., Eilertsen, Espen Moen, Fauske, Agnes, Havdahl, Alexandra, Lahtinen, Hannu, Lyngstad, Torkild Hovde, Qin, Qi, Ganna, Andrea, Ystrom, Eivind

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-04

Abstract: Educational field choices shape careers, wellbeing and the societal skill distribution, yet genetic influences on what people study remain poorly understood. Here we show that genetic factors are associated with educational field specializations using genome-wide association studies (GWASs) across 463,134 individuals from Finland, Norway and the Netherlands (effective n between 40,072 and 317,209). We identified 17 independent genome-wide significant variants linked to 7 of 10 educational fields, with average heritability of 7%. The genetic signal is specific to field choice rather than educational level, persisting after controlling for years of schooling and confounding factors. By examining genetic clustering across specializations, we uncovered two key dimensions: technical versus social and practical versus abstract. We performed GWASs of these components and demonstrated distinct genetic correlations with personality, behavior and socioeconomic status. Our findings demonstrate that genomic research can illuminate ‘horizontal’ stratification, revealing insights into vocational interests and social sorting beyond traditional attainment measures.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-025-02391-z

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02391-z