最早的海洋四足动物生态系统揭示了三叠纪海洋群落的快速复杂化，这一成果由
在这项工作中，研究团队描述了一个海洋四足动物生态系统，来自北极斯匹次卑尔根岛的浓缩中-早三叠世（早Spathian， ~249 Ma）骨床。顶端掠食者鱼龙、小体鱼鳍鱼、硬食鱼、半水生原龙、全盐性temnospondyls、腔棘鱼、肺鱼、射线鳍鱼和鲨鱼组成了一个意想不到的复杂的营养网络。对比多样性分析进一步表明，异质性海洋脊椎动物群落在早三叠纪晚期（Dienerian-Smithian, ~251 Ma）建立良好，并在EPME后约300万年形成了完全多样化的四足动物生态位。
据悉，在二叠纪末大灭绝（EPME）之后，四足动物入侵了海洋环境，在早三叠世（~ 2.519亿年前至2.472亿年前），以temnospondyl两栖类和爬行类为主的组合取得了成功。然而，相互矛盾的化石出现、分化估计和地层时间平均使得这一具有里程碑意义的进化转变的速度不确定。
附：英文原文
Title: Earliest oceanic tetrapod ecosystem reveals rapid complexification of Triassic marine communities
Author: Aubrey J. Roberts, Maciej Rucinski, Benjamin P. Kear, yvind Hammer, Victoria S. Engelschin, Thomas Holm Scharling, Rudi B. Larsen, Jrn H. Hurum
Issue&Volume: 2025-11-13
Abstract: Tetrapods invaded oceanic environments after the cataclysmic end-Permian mass extinction (EPME), with temnospondyl amphibian to reptile-dominated assemblages succeeding across the Early Triassic [~251.9 to 247.2 million years ago (Ma)]. However, conflicting fossil occurrences, divergence estimates, and stratigraphic time averaging make the tempo of this landmark evolutionary transition uncertain. In this work, we describe an oceanic tetrapod ecosystem from a condensed mid–Early Triassic (early Spathian, ~249 Ma) bone bed on the arctic island of Spitsbergen. Apex predator ichthyosaurians, small-bodied ichthyopterygians, durophagous ichthyosauriforms, semiaquatic archosauromorphs, euryhaline temnospondyls, coelacanths, lungfish, ray-finned fish, and sharks formed an unexpectedly complex trophic network. Comparative diversity analyses further show that heterogeneous marine vertebrate communities were well established by the late-earliest Triassic (Dienerian-Smithian, ~251 Ma) and integrated fully variegate tetrapod niches by ~3 million years after the EPME.
DOI: adx7390
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adx7390