宾夕法尼亚大学Louise H. Moncla小组宣布他们研究出北美H5N1动物流行病的生态学和传播。这一研究成果于2025年11月12日发表在国际顶尖学术期刊《自然》上。

研究团队指出野生鸟类是动物流行病的关键驱动因素，这意味着加强对野生鸟类的监测和减少野生-农业界面传播的策略将是未来跟踪和暴发预防的关键。

研究人员表示，自2021年底以来，一场高致病性H5N1的大流行摧毁了野生鸟类、农业和哺乳动物。该研究对来自野生鸟类、家禽和哺乳动物的1818个血凝素序列进行了分析，结果显示，北美大流行病是由大约9次引入大西洋和太平洋的飞行路线引起的，随后在野生候鸟中迅速传播。传播主要由蚁形目驱动，而非规范物种作为终端宿主。与2015年的动物流行病相比，家禽的暴发是由大约46-113只野鸟独立引进引起的，持续时间长达6个半月。后院的鸟是九点左右被感染的平均比商业家禽早几天，这表明有可能作为传播上升的早期预警信号。

附：英文原文

Title: Ecology and spread of the North American H5N1 epizootic

Author: Damodaran, Lambodhar, Jaeger, Anna S., Moncla, Louise H.

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-12

Abstract: Since late 2021, a panzootic of highly pathogenic H5N1 has devastated wild birds, agriculture and mammals. Here an analysis of 1,818 haemagglutinin sequences from wild birds, domestic birds and mammals reveals that the North American panzootic was driven by around nine introductions into the Atlantic and Pacific flyways, followed by rapid dissemination through wild, migratory birds. Transmission was primarily driven by Anseriformes, while non-canonical species acted as dead-end hosts. In contrast to the epizootic of 2015 (refs. 1,2), outbreaks in domestic birds were driven by around 46–113 independent introductions from wild birds that persisted for up to 6months. Backyard birds were infected around 9days earlier on average than commercial poultry, suggesting potential as early-warning signals for transmission upticks. We pinpoint wild birds as critical drivers of the epizootic, implying that enhanced surveillance in wild birds and strategies that reduce transmission at the wild–agriculture interface will be key for future tracking and outbreak prevention.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09737-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09737-x