近日，黑龙江大学许辉团队发现了集群上的动态水键可以实现超快的湿度响应和恢复。2025年10月28日出版的《德国应用化学》杂志发表了这项成果。

快速响应和恢复是实时人体湿度监测的关键，由于传感材料与水的相互作用强度相反，因此面临着巨大的挑战。

研究组展示了第一个基于湿度传感器的湿度传感器，其PhQPCu₃I₃具有半暴露的Cu₃I₃表冠。与配体封装的Cu₄I₄纳米管相比，PhQPCu₃I₃中碘原子的配位低、距离短、取向一致，导致了快速可逆的“H₂O + I…I”反应。因此，在相关湿度为11%-97%的范围内，PhQPCu₃I₃的灵敏度提高了一倍以上，滞后误差减少了3.2%，其器件的响应时间和恢复时间分别为0.54和0.45 s，与人类的反应时间（0.5 s）相当。

基于PhQPCu₃I₃的传感器综合反应时间在1.0 s以内，创历史新低，主要用于实时呼吸频率监测和非接触式信息输入。该研究结果证明了“动态协同键合”在结合快速水吸附和解吸方面的有效性，以及温度传感器在实时HBR应用中的优越性。

附：英文原文

Title: Dynamic Water Bonding on Clusters Enables Ultrafast Humidity Response and Recovery

Author: Lei Qu, Chuanyu Guo, Xiaojun Zhang, Yuanxin Ma, Baoquan Yang, Jing Zhang, Chummiao Han, Nan Zhang, Ying Li, Yingming Xu, Chunbo Duan, Hui Xu

Issue&Volume: 2025-10-28

Abstract: Fast response and recovery are crucial for real-time human-body related (HBR) humidity monitoring, which faces a formidable challenge, due to the opposite requirements on interaction intensities of sensing materials with water. Herein, we demonstrate the first cluster-based humidity sensor with PhQPCu3I3 featuring a semi-exposed Cu3I3 crown. Compared to ligand encapsulated Cu4I4 clusters, low coordination, short distance and same orientation of iodine atoms in PhQPCu3I3 lead to a rapid and reversible “H2O + I…I” reaction. Consequently, besides more than doubled sensitivity of 106 and halved hysteresis error of 3.2% in related humidity range of 11%–97%, PhQPCu3I3 endows its devices with ultrashort response and recovery time of 0.54 and 0.45 s comparable to human reaction time (0.5 s). Owing to its record-low comprehensive reaction time within 1.0 s, PhQPCu3I3 based sensors were used for real-time respiratory rate monitoring and non-contact information input. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of “dynamic synergistic bonding” in combining rapid water adsorption and desorption and superiority of cluster sensors in real-time HBR applications.

DOI: 10.1002/anie.202519556

Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202519556