近日，瑞士苏黎世联邦理工学院Romano Clementucci团队研究了马达加斯加的景观演变：两个裂痕事件。相关论文于2025年10月17日发表在《科学进展》杂志上。

马达加斯加的地形特征记录了分水岭迁移的动态演化史：早期受相隔约8千万年的两岸裂谷事件驱动，后期又经历晚新生代火山与构造活动的改造。

研究组通过分析裂谷作用引发的陡崖-高原倾斜地貌如何导致流域面积与分水岭位置变化，结合地形分析及宇宙成因核素浓度推演的侵蚀速率，发现该岛西部存在向西倾斜的低起伏高原与蜿蜒残留陡崖，而东部边界则分布着与现代分水岭吻合的线性高起伏陡崖。数值模拟表明，第二次裂谷事件期间主分水岭贯穿全岛的迁移可导致地貌不对称性及陡崖形态差异。这些机制性过程使研究组能重建马达加斯加逾一亿年的地貌演化历史，这对理解被动大陆边缘的地形格局、水文系统及生物多样性发展具有深远意义。

附：英文原文

Title: Madagascar’s landscape evolution: A tale of two rifts

Author: Romano Clementucci, Egor Uchusov, Yanyan Wang, Sean D. Willett

Issue&Volume: 2025-10-17

Abstract: The topography of Madagascar reflects a dynamic history of water divide migration, initially driven by rift events on both coasts separated by ~80 million years and later modified by Late Cenozoic volcanic and tectonic activity. This study examines how rifting-induced tilting of an escarpment-plateau landscape led to changes in drainage area and water divide positions. Combining topographic analysis and erosion rates inferred from cosmogenic isotope concentrations, we document a westward-tilted low-relief plateau with sinuous remnant escarpments along the western margin and a linear, high-relief escarpment corresponding to the modern drainage divide on the eastern margin. Our numerical modeling demonstrates that landscape asymmetry and contrasting escarpment morphology can result from a shift in the main water divide across the island during the second rifting event. These mechanistic processes allow us to reconstruct the landscape evolution of Madagascar over more than 100 million years with profound implications for the topography, hydrology, and biodiversity development of passive continental margins.

DOI: adw6362

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adw6362