野生甘蔗物种的基因组足迹追踪了甘蔗的驯化、多样化和现代育种，这一成果由CIRAD的Angélique D’Hont研究组经过不懈努力而取得。这一研究成果于2025年10月14日发表在国际顶尖学术期刊《细胞》上。
基于重复k-mers和叶绿体系统发育，该团队分析了390份代表性植物的基因组祖先主题全基因组序列数据。研究结果表明，在新几内亚地区，蜜糖属植物是由野生的褐花蓟马驯化而来，其基因组是由不同褐花蓟马亚群组成的嵌合体。研究团队发现了一种对大多数现代品种都有贡献的野生糖精，可能起源于东美拉尼西亚。课题组人员强调了与人类运输相关的两个早期甘蔗多样化中心，一个在亚洲大陆，通过与不同的S. spontanum亚群杂交，另一个在美拉尼西亚和波利尼西亚群岛，通过与发现的祖先和Miscanththem杂交。最后，该研究团队揭示了现代品种的基因组祖先，强调了未开发的野生糖精多样性作为育种计划的等位基因的缺乏。
据了解，甘蔗是一种起源不明的主要作物，由于其复杂的多倍体种间基因组。
附：英文原文
Title: The genomic footprints of wild Saccharum species trace domestication, diversification, and modern breeding of sugarcane
Author: Olivier Garsmeur, Simon Rio, Nicolas Pompidor, Anna Lipzen, Catherine Hervouet, Théo Durand, Chris Daum, Yuko Yoshinaga, Mike Butterfield, Alexander Sanchez, George Piperidis, Noa Lincoln, Anna Hale, Jean Yves Hoarau, Yoshifumi Terajima, Prakash Lakshmanan, Erik Sacks, Shailendra Sharma, Marotea Vitrac, Kerrie Barry, Jeremy Schmutz, Angélique D’Hont
Issue&Volume: 2025-10-14
Abstract: Sugarcane is a major crop of unclear origins due to its complex polyploid interspecific genome. We analyzed genome ancestries using whole-genome sequence data from 390 representative accessions based on repeated k-mers and chloroplast phylogeny. The results provided evidence that Saccharum officinarum was domesticated in the New Guinea region from the S. robustum wild species and revealed that its genome is a mosaic involving different S. robustum subgroups. We discovered a wild Saccharum contributor to most modern cultivars, likely originating from East Melanesia. We highlighted two early centers of sugarcane diversification associated with human transport, one in continental Asia through hybridization with different S. spontaneum subgroups and one in the Melanesian and Polynesian islands via hybridization with the discovered ancestor and Miscanthus. Finally, we revealed the genome ancestry of modern cultivars, highlighting untapped wild Saccharum diversity as a source of alleles for breeding programs.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.09.017
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(25)01085-2