近日，德国马克斯·普朗克演化人类学研究所教授Zuzana Hofmanová等合作报道，古代DNA揭示尽管阿瓦尔时期共享文化，仍存在生殖隔离。2025年1月15日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这项成果。

研究人员表示，经过长途迁徙，具有东亚血统的阿瓦尔人于公元567年至568年到达中欧东部，并遇到了具有非常不同欧洲血统的群体。

研究团队利用722名个体的古代全基因组数据，并对位于奥地利维也纳以南的7至8世纪相邻墓地进行了精细的跨学科分析，以研究这次文化接触在数百年的影响。研究团队发现200移民多年后，其中一个遗址（利奥伯斯多夫）的祖先主要是东亚人，而另一个遗址（莫德林）则显示出当地的、类似欧洲人的祖先。这两个附近的遗址几乎没有生物学上的亲缘关系，尽管它们共享着一种独特的晚期阿瓦尔文化。研究小组在两个地点重建了六代谱系，包括多达450个近亲个体，允许每代社区的人口统计分析。

尽管祖先不同，但这些谱系与大型远亲网络一起显示出血缘关系的缺失，父系模式与女性异族通婚，多重生殖伙伴关系（例如，水平）以及生物连通性与社会地位考古标记的直接相关性。这种世代相传的遗传屏障，是通过系统地从阿瓦尔王国的其他地方选择祖先相似的伴侣来维持的。利奥伯斯多夫与阿瓦尔人的中心地带有更多的生物学联系。相反，它与维也纳盆地另一个类似欧洲祖先的遗址有关。不同地点之间的迁移主要是由于女性异族通婚，这表明不同的婚姻网络是维持遗传屏障的主要驱动因素。

附：英文原文

Title: Ancient DNA reveals reproductive barrier despite shared Avar-period culture

Author: Wang, Ke, Tobias, Bendeguz, Pany-Kucera, Doris, Berner, Margit, Eggers, Sabine, Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto, Zlmalov, Denisa, Gretzinger, Joscha, Ingrov, Pavlna, Rohrlach, Adam B., Tuke, Jonathan, Traverso, Luca, Klostermann, Paul, Koger, Robin, Friedrich, Ronny, Wiltschke-Schrotta, Karin, Kirchengast, Sylvia, Liccardo, Salvatore, Wabnitz, Sandra, Vida, Tivadar, Geary, Patrick J., Daim, Falko, Pohl, Walter, Krause, Johannes, Hofmanov, Zuzana

Issue&Volume: 2025-01-15

Abstract: After a long-distance migration, Avars with Eastern Asian ancestry arrived in Eastern Central Europe in 567 to 568 CE and encountered groups with very different European ancestry1,2. We used ancient genome-wide data of 722 individuals and fine-grained interdisciplinary analysis of large seventh- to eighth-century CE neighbouring cemeteries south of Vienna (Austria) to address the centuries-long impact of this encounter1,2. We found that even 200years after immigration, the ancestry at one site (Leobersdorf) remained dominantly East Asian-like, whereas the other site (Mdling) shows local, European-like ancestry. These two nearby sites show little biological relatedness, despite sharing a distinctive late-Avar culture3,4. We reconstructed six-generation pedigrees at both sites including up to 450 closely related individuals, allowing per-generation demographic profiling of the communities. Despite different ancestry, these pedigrees together with large networks of distant relatedness show absence of consanguinity, patrilineal pattern with female exogamy, multiple reproductive partnerships (for example, levirate) and direct correlation of biological connectivity with archaeological markers of social status. The generation-long genetic barrier was maintained by systematically choosing partners with similar ancestry from other sites in the Avar realm. Leobersdorf had more biological connections with the Avar heartlands than with Mdling, which is instead linked to another site from the Vienna Basin with European-like ancestry. Mobility between sites was mostly due to female exogamy pointing to different marriage networks as the main driver of the maintenance of the genetic barrier.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08418-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08418-5