厦门大学张桥保团队报道了用于超快充电和超稳定钠离子电池的机械坚固铋嵌入碳微球。相关研究成果发表在2025年1月14日出版的《美国化学会杂志》。

开发具有高容量的快速充电和持久微结构合金阳极，对于提高钠离子电池（SIBs）的运行效率至关重要。然而，这些阳极面临着循环能力和速率能力下降等挑战，主要是由于显著的体积变化（超过252%）和钠离子储存动力学缓慢导致机械降解减少。

该文中，研究人员介绍了一种新型阳极设计，其特征是在高导电碳微球中嵌入密集堆积的铋（Bi），以克服上述挑战。值得注意的是，碳微球内的高负载铋阳极具有2.59 g cm^–3的高堆积密度，具有超过590 MPa的显著机械强度，并在钠化后将体积膨胀限制在仅10.9%。该阳极具有高体积容量（908.3 mAh cm^-3）、超快充电能力（200 A g^-1，仅需5.5秒即可完全充电/放电）和超过12000次循环的出色循环性能，即使在30°C下也能保持出色的循环稳定性。与Na₃V₂（PO₄）₃阴极配对的全电池在36℃下循环600次后仍保持80%以上的容量，显示出126℃的显著倍率能力（28.6秒内完全充电/放电）。

全面的实验评估和化学机械模拟揭示了支撑阳极卓越性能的机制。这一发展标志着高性能SIBs耐用快速充电阳极设计的重大进步。

附：英文原文

Title: Mechanically Robust Bismuth-Embedded Carbon Microspheres for Ultrafast Charging and Ultrastable Sodium-Ion Batteries

Author: Jianhai Pan, Zhefei Sun, Xiaoyu Wu, Tongchao Liu, Yurui Xing, Jiawei Chen, Zhichen Xue, Dafu Tang, Xiaoli Dong, Hongti Zhang, Haodong Liu, Qiulong Wei, Dong-Liang Peng, Khalil Amine, Qiaobao Zhang

Issue&Volume: January 14, 2025

Abstract: Advancements in the development of fast-charging and long-lasting microstructured alloying anodes with high volumetric capacities are essential for enhancing the operational efficiency of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). These anodes, however, face challenges such as declined cyclability and rate capability, primarily due to mechanical degradation reduced by significant volumetric changes (over 252%) and slow kinetics of sodium-ion storage. Herein, we introduce a novel anode design featuring densely packed bismuth (Bi) embedded within highly conductive carbon microspheres to overcome the aforementioned challenges. Remarkably, the high loading Bi anode within carbon microspheres with a high tap density of 2.59 g cm–3 possesses significant mechanical strength exceeding 590 MPa and limits volume swelling of only 10.9% post-sodiation. This anode demonstrates a high volumetric capacity (908.3 mAh cm–3), ultrafast chargeability (200 A g–1, full charge/discharge in just 5.5 s), and outstanding cyclability over 12,000 cycles and maintains exceptional cycling stability even at 30 °C. The full cell paired with a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode retains over 80% capacity after 600 cycles at 36 C, demonstrating a remarkable rate capability of 126 C (full charge/discharge in 28.6 s). Our comprehensive experimental evaluations and chemo-mechanical simulations shed light on the mechanisms underpinning the anode’s superior performance. This development marks a significant advancement in the design of durable and fast-charging anodes for high-performance SIBs.

DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09824

Source: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jacs.4c09824