据介绍，目前对灵长类自然动作组织的理解源于在受限环境（RC）下进行的实验室实验，其前提假设是这些知识可推广至自由活动环境（FMC）。
研究人员开发了一个神经行为学平台，能够在RC和FMC下对相同的运动前神经元进行无线记录。在这两种环境中，神经元对相同的手部及口部动作的编码往往有所不同。
此外，在FMC下，研究人员发现了一些细胞会选择性地对在RC下无法检测的动作进行编码，还有一些细胞对多种动作表现出混合选择性，这与基于不同复杂程度的皮层运动协同作用的组织方式相符。
总之，跨环境解码表明，FMC下的神经活动比RC下的更加丰富，也更具普遍性，这意味着神经行为学方法更适合揭示行为的神经基础。
附：英文原文
Title: Neuroethology of natural actions in freely moving monkeys
Author: Francesca Lanzarini, Monica Maranesi, Elena Hilary Rondoni, Davide Albertini, Elena Ferretti, Marco Lanzilotto, Silvestro Micera, Alberto Mazzoni, Luca Bonini
Issue&Volume: 2025-01-10
Abstract: The current understanding of primate natural action organization derives from laboratory experiments in restrained contexts (RCs) under the assumption that this knowledge generalizes to freely moving contexts (FMCs). In this work, we developed a neurobehavioral platform to enable wireless recording of the same premotor neurons in both RCs and FMCs. Neurons often encoded the same hand and mouth actions differently in RCs and FMCs. Furthermore, in FMCs, we identified cells that selectively encoded actions untestable during RCs and others that displayed mixed selectivity for multiple actions, which is compatible with an organization based on cortical motor synergies at different levels of complexity. Cross-context decoding demonstrated that neural activity in FMCs is richer and more generalizable than in RCs, which suggests that neuroethological approaches are better suited to unveil the neural bases of behavior.
DOI: adq6510
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq6510