据介绍，种群如何适应其所处环境是生物学中的一个基本问题。然而，人们对这一过程的了解少得惊人，尤其是对于濒危物种，比如非人类的大型类人猿而言更是如此。黑猩猩是人类现存亲缘关系最近的物种，它们尤为引人注目，因为它们栖息在从热带雨林到稀树草原等多种多样的生境中。尽管遗传适应对演化生物学和物种保护有着广泛影响，但遗传适应是否有助于这种生境多样性仍然不得而知。
通过对828只野生黑猩猩（过滤后为388只）新测序的外显子组进行研究，研究人员发现了黑猩猩针对栖息地存在精细尺度遗传适应的证据，在森林黑猩猩身上发现了正选择的特征，且这些基因与人类适应疟疾的基因相同。
总之，这一工作展示了无创样本在揭示濒危种群遗传适应方面的强大作用，并凸显了适应性遗传多样性对黑猩猩的重要性。
附：英文原文
Title: Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees
Author: Harrison J. Ostridge, Claudia Fontsere, Esther Lizano, Daniela C. Soto, Joshua M. Schmidt, Vrishti Saxena, Marina Alvarez-Estape, Christopher D. Barratt, Paolo Gratton, Galle Bocksberger, Jack D. Lester, Paula Dieguez, Anthony Agbor, Samuel Angedakin, Alfred Kwabena Assumang, Emma Bailey, Donatienne Barubiyo, Mattia Bessone, Gregory Brazzola, Rebecca Chancellor, Heather Cohen, ` Coupland, Emmanuel Danquah, Tobias Deschner, Laia Dotras, Jef Dupain, Villard Ebot Egbe, Anne-Céline Granjon, Josephine Head, Daniela Hedwig, Veerle Hermans, R. Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Sorrel Jones, Jessica Junker, Parag Kadam, Michael Kaiser, Ammie K. Kalan, Mbangi Kambere, Ivonne Kienast, Deo Kujirakwinja, Kevin E. Langergraber, Juan Lapuente, Bradley Larson, Anne Laudisoit, Kevin C. Lee, Manuel Llana, Giovanna Maretti, Rumen Martín, Amelia C. Meier, David Morgan, Emily Neil, Sonia Nicholl, Stuart Nixon, Emmanuelle Normand, Christopher Orbell, Lucy Jayne Ormsby, Robinson Orume, Liliana Pacheco, Jodie Preece, Sebastien Regnaut, Martha M. Robbins, Aaron Rundus, Crickette Sanz, Lilah Sciaky, Volker Sommer, Fiona A. Stewart, Nikki Tagg, Luc Roscelin Tédonzong, Joost van Schijndel, Elleni Vendras, Erin G. Wessling, Jacob Willie, Roman M. Wittig, Yisa Ginath Yuh, Kyle Yurkiw, Linda Vigilant, Alex K. Piel, Christophe Boesch, Hjalmar S. Kühl, Megan Y. Dennis, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Mimi Arandjelovic, Aida M. Andrés
Issue&Volume: 2025-01-10
Abstract: How populations adapt to their environment is a fundamental question in biology. Yet, we know surprisingly little about this process, especially for endangered species, such as nonhuman great apes. Chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, are particularly notable because they inhabit diverse habitats, from rainforest to woodland-savannah. Whether genetic adaptation facilitates such habitat diversity remains unknown, despite it having wide implications for evolutionary biology and conservation. By using newly sequenced exomes from 828 wild chimpanzees (388 postfiltering), we found evidence of fine-scale genetic adaptation to habitat, with signatures of positive selection in forest chimpanzees in the same genes underlying adaptation to malaria in humans. This work demonstrates the power of noninvasive samples to reveal genetic adaptations in endangered populations and highlights the importance of adaptive genetic diversity for chimpanzees.
DOI: adn7954
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn7954