美国陆军传染病医学研究所Jay W. Hooper等研究人员合作完成通过mRNA疫苗或改良痘苗安卡拉疫苗接种后非人灵长类动物对猴痘的保护效果比较。相关论文于2024年9月4日在线发表在《细胞》杂志上。
研究人员表示，2022年，猴痘病毒（MPXV）在全球蔓延，导致121个国家报告了99581例猴痘病例。改良痘苗安卡拉（MVA）疫苗的使用在高危人群中减少了疾病发作，但未能提供完全的保护。MVA的生产和分发延迟导致了额外的MPXV传播，2023年报告了12000例病例，并在非洲中部发生了I型病毒的新增疫情。这些疫情突显了痘病毒属病毒跨物种传播的威胁。
mRNA-1769是一种表达MPXV表面蛋白的mRNA-脂质纳米颗粒（LNP）疫苗，研究人员在致命的MPXV灵长类动物模型中进行了测试。与MVA相似，mRNA-1769提供了针对病毒挑战的保护，并进一步缓解了症状和疾病持续时间。抗体分析显示，中和抗体和具有Fc功能的胞外病毒（EV）特异性抗体在限制病毒方面起到了协同作用，且调理性吞噬和细胞毒性抗体功能在预防病变中发挥了作用。与MVA相比，mRNA-1769在病毒控制和疾病减轻方面表现更佳，突显了mRNA疫苗在应对未来大流行威胁中的潜力。
附：英文原文
Title: Comparison of protection against mpox following mRNA or modified vaccinia Ankara vaccination in nonhuman primates
Author: Eric M. Mucker, Alec W. Freyn, Sandra L. Bixler, Deniz Cizmeci, Caroline Atyeo, Patricia L. Earl, Harini Natarajan, Genesis Santos, Tiffany R. Frey, Rafael H. Levin, Anusha Meni, Guha A. Arunkumar, Daniel Stadlbauer, Patricia A. Jorquera, Hamilton Bennett, Joshua C. Johnson, Kath Hardcastle, Jeffrey L. Americo, Catherine A. Cotter, Jeff W. Koehler, Christopher I. Davis, Joshua D. Shamblin, Kristin Ostrowski, Jo Lynne Raymond, Keersten M. Ricks, Andrea Carfi, Wen-Han Yu, Nancy J. Sullivan, Bernard Moss, Galit Alter, Jay W. Hooper
Issue&Volume: 2024-09-04
Abstract: In 2022, mpox virus (MPXV) spread worldwide, causing 99,581 mpox cases in 121 countries. Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine use reduced disease in at-risk populations but failed to deliver complete protection. Lag in manufacturing and distribution of MVA resulted in additional MPXV spread, with 12,000 reported cases in 2023 and an additional outbreak in Central Africa of clade I virus. These outbreaks highlight the threat of zoonotic spillover by Orthopoxviruses. mRNA-1769, an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine expressing MPXV surface proteins, was tested in a lethal MPXV primate model. Similar to MVA, mRNA-1769 conferred protection against challenge and further mitigated symptoms and disease duration. Antibody profiling revealed a collaborative role between neutralizing and Fc-functional extracellular virion (EV)-specific antibodies in viral restriction and ospinophagocytic and cytotoxic antibody functions in protection against lesions. mRNA-1769 enhanced viral control and disease attenuation compared with MVA, highlighting the potential for mRNA vaccines to mitigate future pandemic threats.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.043
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(24)00972-3