近日，美国耶鲁大学Andrew L. Goodman及其团队发现，饮食外源物质的微生物转化影响肠道微生物组的组成。相关论文于2024年9月24日在线发表在《细胞》杂志上。

研究人员表示，饮食是肠道微生物组组成的重要决定因素，饮食与微生物组之间的相互作用变化可能会影响其健康后果。

为了从机制上理解这些关系，研究人员绘制了约150种小分子饮食外源物质与肠道微生物组之间的相互作用，包括这些化合物对群落组成的影响、人类肠道微生物对饮食外源物质的代谢活动以及这些特征的个体差异。微生物代谢可以使这些化合物毒化或解毒，产生新兴的相互作用，解释饮食外源物质引起的特定群落重塑。

研究人员确定了负责解毒一种饮食外源物质白藜芦醇的基因和酶，并证明该酶对个体之间的白藜芦醇引起的群落重塑差异具有贡献。这些结果系统性地绘制了饮食外源物质与肠道微生物组之间的相互作用，并将毒化和解毒连接到微生物组对饮食反应的个体差异上。

附：英文原文

Title: Microbial transformation of dietary xenobiotics shapes gut microbiome composition

Author: Elizabeth J. Culp, Nora T. Nelson, Andrew A. Verdegaal, Andrew L. Goodman

Issue&Volume: 2024-09-24

Abstract: Diet is a major determinant of gut microbiome composition, and variation in diet-microbiome interactions may contribute to variation in their health consequences. To mechanistically understand these relationships, here we map interactions between ～150 small-molecule dietary xenobiotics and the gut microbiome, including the impacts of these compounds on community composition, the metabolic activities of human gut microbes on dietary xenobiotics, and interindividual variation in these traits. Microbial metabolism can toxify and detoxify these compounds, producing emergent interactions that explain community-specific remodeling by dietary xenobiotics. We identify the gene and enzyme responsible for detoxification of one such dietary xenobiotic, resveratrol, and demonstrate that this enzyme contributes to interindividual variation in community remodeling by resveratrol. Together, these results systematically map interactions between dietary xenobiotics and the gut microbiome and connect toxification and detoxification to interpersonal differences in microbiome response to diet.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.038

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(24)00967-X