德国欧洲分子生物学实验室Athanasios Typas等研究人员合作发现，药物治疗下肠道微生物群体行为的出现。相关论文于2024年9月24日在线发表于国际学术期刊《细胞》。

研究人员比较了30种药物对32种合成群体的影响与其对每个群体成员单独作用的影响。尽管大多数单个药物-物种相互作用在群体环境中保持不变，但在所有测试案例中，有26%出现了群体行为。在群体中，药物敏感物种受到保护的现象（交叉保护）发生的频率是交叉敏感（相反现象）的6倍。

随着药物浓度升高，交叉保护减少而交叉敏感增加，这表明当扰动增强时，微生物群落的韧性可能会崩溃。通过对药物处理的群落进行代谢特征分析，研究人员表明药物的生物转化和生物累积在机制上均有助于群体保护。

作为原理验证，研究人员在分子层面解析了一个显著案例：表达特定亚硝基还原酶的物种降解了尼克洛沙胺，从而保护了它们自己和敏感的群体成员。

据悉，药物可以直接抑制肠道细菌的生长，但这种相互作用在复杂群体环境中表现出的程度仍然是一个未解之谜。

附：英文原文

Title: Emergence of community behaviors in the gut microbiota upon drug treatment

Author: Sarela Garcia-Santamarina, Michael Kuhn, Saravanan Devendran, Lisa Maier, Marja Driessen, André Mateus, Eleonora Mastrorilli, Ana Rita Brochado, Mikhail M. Savitski, Kiran R. Patil, Michael Zimmermann, Peer Bork, Athanasios Typas

Issue&Volume: 2024-09-24

Abstract: Pharmaceuticals can directly inhibit the growth of gut bacteria, but the degree to which such interactions manifest in complex community settings is an open question. Here, we compared the effects of 30 drugs on a 32-species synthetic community with their effects on each community member in isolation. While most individual drug-species interactions remained the same in the community context, communal behaviors emerged in 26% of all tested cases. Cross-protection during which drug-sensitive species were protected in community was 6 times more frequent than cross-sensitization, the converse phenomenon. Cross-protection decreased and cross-sensitization increased at higher drug concentrations, suggesting that the resilience of microbial communities can collapse when perturbations get stronger. By metabolically profiling drug-treated communities, we showed that both drug biotransformation and bioaccumulation contribute mechanistically to communal protection. As a proof of principle, we molecularly dissected a prominent case: species expressing specific nitroreductases degraded niclosamide, thereby protecting both themselves and sensitive community members.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.08.037

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(24)00966-8