俄罗斯科学院Elena Kaznacheyeva团队综述了STIM蛋白——神经元中钙离子进入的加速器与刹车。2024年9月12日，《神经科学通报》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员表示，基质相互作用分子（STIM）是内质网中Ca²⁺储存库的Ca²⁺传感器。它们激活库操作型Ca²⁺通道，这些通道是非兴奋性细胞中Ca²⁺进入的主要来源。此外，STIM蛋白还与其他Ca²⁺通道亚基和主动转运蛋白相互作用，使其成为调控各种Ca²⁺流入兴奋性细胞的重要中间分子。

然而，关于STIM蛋白在大脑功能中的作用知之甚少。STIM蛋白参与多种信号通路，负责补充神经元内的Ca²⁺储存，并介导突触传递和神经元的兴奋性。Ca²⁺失衡是许多脑部病理状态的标志，包括神经退行性疾病、损伤、中风和癫痫。STIM蛋白在这些病变中发挥作用，不仅通过支持异常的库操作型Ca²⁺进入，还通过调控其他通道的Ca²⁺流入。

研究人员综述了当前关于STIM蛋白在神经元中的研究现状及其在脑病理中的参与。

附：英文原文

Title: STIM Proteins: The Gas and Brake of Calcium Entry in Neurons

Author: Skobeleva, Ksenia, Wang, Guanghui, Kaznacheyeva, Elena

Issue&Volume: 2024-09-12

Abstract: Stromal interaction molecules (STIM)s are Ca2+ sensors in internal Ca2+ stores of the endoplasmic reticulum. They activate the store-operated Ca2+ channels, which are the main source of Ca2+ entry in non-excitable cells. Moreover, STIM proteins interact with other Ca2+ channel subunits and active transporters, making STIMs an important intermediate molecule in orchestrating a wide variety of Ca2+ influxes into excitable cells. Nevertheless, little is known about the role of STIM proteins in brain functioning. Being involved in many signaling pathways, STIMs replenish internal Ca2+ stores in neurons and mediate synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. Ca2+ dyshomeostasis is a signature of many pathological conditions of the brain, including neurodegenerative diseases, injuries, stroke, and epilepsy. STIMs play a role in these disturbances not only by supporting abnormal store-operated Ca2+ entry but also by regulating Ca2+ influx through other channels. Here, we review the present knowledge of STIMs in neurons and their involvement in brain pathology.

DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01272-5

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12264-024-01272-5