美国俄亥俄州立大学Sullivan Matthew B等合作，揭示了青藏高原冰川保存的病毒群落可能与冷暖气候变化有关。该研究于2024年8月26日发表于国际一流学术期刊《自然—地球科学》杂志上。
据了解，冰川保存了包括微生物在内的气候和生态系统的时间结构信息。然而，保存下来的病毒的长期生态基因组动力学或生物地理学及其古气候联系仍未得到研究。
研究人员使用宏基因组重建了九个时间范围的病毒基因组，跨越过去41,000多年的三个冷—暖循环，保存在青藏高原古里雅冰川的冰芯中。研究人员恢复了约1,705个物种水平的病毒操作分类单位的基因组。在寒冷和温暖的气候条件下，病毒群落存在显著差异，其中最明显的群落约为11,500多年前，在末次冰期到全新世的主要气候转变期间。
对病毒-宿主相互作用的计算机分析，揭示了Flavobacterium(一种常见的优势冰川谱系)持续的高病毒压力，以及在极端条件下有助于宿主适应和病毒适应的，辅因子和维生素代谢的历史富集。生物地理分析表明，大约四分之一的古里雅病毒操作分类单位与全球数据集重叠，主要是与青藏高原宏基因组重叠，表明随着时间推移，古里雅冰川中保存的病毒子集存在区域关联。研究人员假设，病毒群落的冷暖变化可能被归因于，不同的病毒来源和/或不同温度条件下的环境选择。
附：英文原文
Title: Glacier-preserved Tibetan Plateau viral community probably linked to warm–cold climate variations
Author: Zhong, Zhi-Ping, Zablocki, Olivier, Li, Yueh-Fen, Van Etten, James L., Mosley-Thompson, Ellen, Rich, Virginia I., Thompson, Lonnie G., Sullivan, Matthew B.
Issue&Volume: 2024-08-26
Abstract: Glaciers archive time-structured information on climates and ecosystems, including microorganisms. However, the long-term ecogenomic dynamics or biogeography of the preserved viruses and their palaeoclimatic connections remain uninvestigated. Here we use metagenomes to reconstruct viral genomes from nine time horizons, spanning three cold-to-warm cycles over the past >41,000years, preserved in an ice core from Guliya Glacier, Tibetan Plateau. We recover genomes of 1,705 approximately species-level viral operational taxonomic units. Viral communities significantly differ during cold and warm climatic conditions, with the most distinct community observed ~11,500years ago during the major climate transition from the Last Glacial Stage to the Holocene. In silico analyses of virus–host interactions reveal persistently high viral pressure on Flavobacterium (a common dominant glacier lineage) and historical enrichment in the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins that can contribute to host adaptation and virus fitness under extreme conditions. Biogeographic analyses show that approximately one-fourth of Guliya viral operational taxonomic units overlap with the global dataset, primarily with the Tibetan Plateau metagenomes, suggesting regional associations of a subset of the Guliya-preserved viruses over time. We posit that the cold-to-warm variations in viral communities might be attributed to distinct virus sources and/or environmental selections under different temperature regimes.
DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01508-z
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-024-01508-z