近日，德国美因茨大学的Sebastian Schenk及其研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们提出用于探测高频引力波的坐标无关形式论。相关研究成果已于2024年8月22日在国际知名学术期刊《高能物理杂志》上发表。

据悉，在外加电场或磁场中，引力波（GW）可能会转化为电磁辐射。

该研究团队提出了一个坐标不变的框架来描述基于该效应（如轴子探测腔）的探测器中的引力波（GW）信号。在此框架中，研究人员特别关注外部观察者将探测到的电磁场的明显坐标无关表达式的定义。通过仔细评估探测器的感知运动，研究人员可以自洽地处理其对引力波的机械和电磁响应。

研究人员进一步引入了定义良好的近似，以忽略这种运动，从而就实践中适合描述引力波信号的坐标框架提供了建议。他们通过两个示例（一个无限薄的杆和一个球形电磁腔）来说明这一发现。

附：英文原文

Title: A coordinate-independent formalism for detecting high-frequency gravitational waves

Author: Ratzinger, Wolfram, Schenk, Sebastian, Schwaller, Pedro

Issue&Volume: 2024-08-22

Abstract: In an external electric or magnetic field, a gravitational wave (GW) may be converted into electromagnetic radiation. We present a coordinate-invariant framework to describe the GW signal in a detector that is based on this effect, such as cavities for axion searches. In this framework, we pay special attention to the definition of manifestly coordinate-independent expressions for the electromagnetic fields that an external observer would detect. A careful assessment of the detector’s perceived motion allows us to treat both its mechanical and its electromagnetic response to the GW consistently. We further introduce well-defined approximations for which this motion may be neglected, and hence provide suggestions on which coordinate frame is suitable to characterise the GW signal in practice. We illustrate our findings in two examples, an infinitesimally thin rod and a spherical electromagnetic cavity.

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP08(2024)195

Source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP08(2024)195