河南省农业科学院张新友等研究人员合作发现，叶绿体和全基因组测序揭示花生的演化历史和表型多样化。这一研究成果于2024年8月13日在线发表在国际学术期刊《自然—遗传学》上。

通过结合来自大规模种质资源的叶绿体和全基因组测序数据，研究人员发现栽培花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）的两个亚种（hypogaea和fastigiata）可能来源于不同的全基因组倍增和驯化事件。花生遗传簇在传播路线和育种工作方面逐渐分化。

通过连锁图谱和全基因组关联研究相结合，研究人员表征了与主要花生形态-农业性状相关的基因和基因组区域，包括开花模式、内种皮颜色、生长习性、荚果/种子重量和油脂含量。综上所述，这些的发现揭示了花生的演化历史和表型多样化，可能对植物育种者具有广泛的兴趣。

据了解，栽培花生是一种在全球广泛种植的油料作物；然而，其起源和多样化的事件尚未完全了解。

附：英文原文

Title: Chloroplast and whole-genome sequencing shed light on the evolutionary history and phenotypic diversification of peanuts

Author: Zheng, Zheng, Sun, Ziqi, Qi, Feiyan, Fang, Yuanjin, Lin, Ke, Pavan, Stefano, Huang, Bingyan, Dong, Wenzhao, Du, Pei, Tian, Mengdi, Shi, Lei, Xu, Jing, Han, Suoyi, Liu, Hua, Qin, Li, Zhang, Zhongxin, Dai, Xiaodong, Miao, Lijuan, Zhao, Ruifang, Wang, Juan, Liao, Yanlin, Li, Alun, Ruan, Jue, Delvento, Chiara, Aiese Cigliano, Riccardo, Maliepaard, Chris, Bai, Yuling, Visser, Richard G. F., Zhang, Xinyou

Issue&Volume: 2024-08-13

Abstract: Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a widely grown oilseed crop worldwide; however, the events leading to its origin and diversification are not fully understood. Here by combining chloroplast and whole-genome sequence data from a large germplasm collection, we show that the two subspecies of A. hypogaea (hypogaea and fastigiata) likely arose from distinct allopolyploidization and domestication events. Peanut genetic clusters were then differentiated in relation to dissemination routes and breeding efforts. A combination of linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies allowed us to characterize genes and genomic regions related to main peanut morpho-agronomic traits, namely flowering pattern, inner tegument color, growth habit, pod/seed weight and oil content. Together, our findings shed light on the evolutionary history and phenotypic diversification of peanuts and might be of broad interest to plant breeders.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01876-7

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-024-01876-7