2024年7月22日，《免疫》杂志在线发表了美国爱荷华大学John T. Harty研究小组的最新成果。该研究通过眼内成像，揭示流感特异性肺驻留记忆CD8⁺T细胞的动态景观和协调保护性免疫。

据研究人员介绍，肺组织驻留记忆性（T_RM）CD8⁺ T细胞对于异型免疫对抗流感病毒（IAV）再感染至关重要。然而，TRM细胞如何监测肺部、响应感染并与其他细胞相互作用仍未得到解决。

研究人员结合IAV感染小鼠的体内和静态成像，定义了肺部T_RM细胞在召回感染前后的时空动态。CD69⁺CD103⁺ T_RM细胞优先定位于先前IAV感染的肺部位点，在这些位点表现出巡逻行为。在重新挑战后，肺部T_RM细胞以抗原依赖的方式形成紧密簇集。对IAV特异性T_RM细胞的转录组分析显示了几个调节髓样细胞生物学的因子的表达。

体内重新挑战实验表明，T_RM细胞引发的保护作用部分通过干扰素（IFN）-γ介导的炎症性单核细胞募集到肺部来实现。总体而言，这些数据展示了CD103⁺肺T_RM细胞的动态景观，它们在IAV感染早期提供保护性免疫。

附：英文原文

Title: Dynamic landscapes and protective immunity coordinated by influenza-specific lung-resident memory CD8+ T cells revealed by intravital imaging

Author: Stephanie van de Wall, Scott M. Anthony, Lisa S. Hancox, Lecia L. Pewe, Ryan A. Langlois, Dietmar Zehn, Vladimir P. Badovinac, John T. Harty

Issue&Volume: 2024-07-22

Abstract: Lung-tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells are critical for heterosubtypic immunity against influenza virus (IAV) reinfection.How TRM cells surveil the lung, respond to infection, and interact with other cells remainsunresolved. Here, we used IAV infection of mice in combination with intravital andstatic imaging to define the spatiotemporal dynamics of lung TRM cells before and after recall infection. CD69+CD103+ TRM cells preferentially localized to lung sites of prior IAV infection, where they exhibitedpatrolling behavior. After rechallenge, lung TRM cells formed tight clusters in an antigen-dependent manner. Transcriptomic analysisof IAV-specific TRM cells revealed the expression of several factors that regulate myeloid cell biology.In vivo rechallenge experiments demonstrated that protection elicited by TRM cells is orchestrated in part by interferon (IFN)-γ-mediated recruitment of inflammatorymonocytes into the lungs. Overall, these data illustrate the dynamic landscapes ofCD103+ lung TRM cells that mediate early protective immunity against IAV infection.

DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.06.016

Source: https://www.cell.com/immunity/abstract/S1074-7613(24)00322-4