近日，兰州大学黄建平团队在研究塔克拉玛干沙漠热浪与沙尘暴复合事件中取得新成果。2024年6月14日，《中国科学：地球科学》发表了这一成果。

据介绍，塔克拉玛干沙漠(TD)的特点是多次出现高温热浪和低温风暴，并对区域和全球范围内的社会和生态系统造成负面影响。然而，人们对热浪和热带风暴之间的联系知之甚少。

在这项研究中，研究人员描述了热浪和沙尘事件之间的关系，并解释了在TD中这种复合事件的机制。结果表明，1993-2022年，热带地区热浪发生的频率和强度分别以每年0.21天和每年0.02°C的速度增加。超过40%的热浪伴随着沙尘事件，且明显滞后于热浪。从机械过程上讲，气温越高，土壤就越热越干燥，从而导致TD中的碳排放越多。

在热浪高发年，在西北—东南方向出现了“气旋—反气旋—气旋”的大尺度波列，其中反气旋在TD地区上空盘旋。异常反气旋有利于热浪的形成和维持，随后波列中的异常气旋引发了强气旋事件，继而出现热浪。研究结果强调，随着气候变暖，热浪和沙尘暴复合事件日益成为威胁流域社会经济和生态安全的重大灾害，对其深入研究对于理解区域极端响应具有重要意义。

附：英文原文

Title: Compound events of heatwave and dust storm in the Taklamakan Desert

Author: Yuzhi LIU, Jianping HUANG, Ziyuan TAN, Chenglong ZHOU, Dan LI, Yongkun XIE

Issue&Volume: 2024/06/14

Abstract: Taklamakan Desert (TD) has been characterized by numerous heatwaves and dust storms, leading to negative effects on societies and ecosystems at regional and global scales. However, the association between heatwaves and dust storms is poorly known. In this study, we describe the association between heatwaves and dust events and propose a mechanism for such compound events in the TD. The results show that, from 1993 to 2022, the frequency and intensity of heatwaves in the TD have increased at a rate of 0.21 days year^-1 and 0.02°C year^-1, respectively. More than 40% of heatwaves existed with dust events, which significantly lagged behind heatwaves. Mechanically, the higher the air temperature, the hotter and drier the soil, leading to more dust emissions in the TD. In high-occurrence heatwave years, a large-scale wave train of “cyclone-anticyclone-cyclone” in the northwest-southeast direction was found, with the anticyclone of which hovered over the TD region. The anomalous anticyclones favored the formation and maintenance of heatwaves, and subsequent anomalous cyclones in the wave train triggered strong dust events followed by heatwaves. With climate warming, the compound events of heatwave and dust storm are becoming bigger hazards threatening the socioeconomic and ecological security in the TD, the profound study of which is critical to understanding regional extreme responses.

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1355-1

Source: https://www.sciengine.com/SCES/doi/10.1007/s11430-023-1355-1