南京大学黄昕团队探讨了如何应对气候变暖下同时出现的热浪和臭氧极端现象。相关论文于2024年5月25日发表在《科学通报》杂志上。

据了解，密集的人类活动带来了前所未有的气候和环境危机，其中同时发生的热浪和臭氧极端现象对人类构成了最严重的威胁。然而，人们对综合机制的有限理解阻碍了他们缓解此类复合事件的能力，特别是在像中国这样的人口稠密地区。

基于野外观测和气候化学耦合模拟，研究人员阐明了热相关臭氧污染中人类活动与气候系统之间的联系。自本世纪初以来，研究人员观察到中国发生热浪的频率和强度几乎增加了两倍。此外，这些热浪在臭氧污染严重的城市气候中变得越来越普遍。2013年和2022年极端炎热和干燥的夏季持续热浪，通过增加人为和生物排放加速了光化学臭氧的产生，并通过抑制因缺水植被造成的干沉积加剧了臭氧的积累，导致城市地区臭氧污染增加30%以上。

臭氧对热的敏感性被证明在很大程度上受人为排放的影响，中国的清洁空气政策可能已经改变了臭氧和温度之间的关系。气候模型预测进一步强调，高排放的气候-社会经济情景倾向于加剧在下个世纪同时发生的高温和臭氧极端事件。研究结果强调，实施严格的排放战略将大大减少该类事件共同发生的概率。

附：英文原文

Title: Coping with the concurrent heatwaves and ozone extremes in China under a warming climate

Author: Mengmeng Li, Xin Huang, Dan Yan, Shiyi Lai, Zihan Zhang, Lei Zhu, Yuting Lu, Xinyi Jiang, Nan Wang, Tijian Wang, Yu Song, Aijun Ding

Issue&Volume: 2024/05/25

Abstract: Intensive human activity has brought about unprecedented climate and environmental crises, in which concurrent heatwaves and ozone extremes pose the most serious threats. However, a limited understanding of the comprehensive mechanism hinders our ability to mitigate such compound events, especially in densely populated regions like China. Here, based on field observations and climate-chemistry coupled modelling, we elucidate the linkage between human activities and the climate system in heat-related ozone pollution. In China, we have observed that both the frequency and intensity of heatwaves have almost tripled since the beginning of this century. Moreover, these heatwaves are becoming more common in urban clusters with serious ozone pollution. Persistent heatwaves during the extremely hot and dry summers of 2013 and 2022 accelerate photochemical ozone production by boosting anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, and aggravate ozone accumulation by suppressing dry deposition due to water-stressed vegetation, leading to a more than 30% increase in ozone pollution in China’s urban areas. The sensitivity of ozone to heat is demonstrated to be substantially modulated by human-made emissions, and China’s clean air policy may have altered the relationship between ozone and temperature. Climate model projections further highlight that the high-emission climate-socioeconomic scenario tends to intensify the concurrent heat and ozone extremes in the next century. 

DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.034

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2095927324003840