近日，马约拉纳合作项目研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们利用马约拉纳演示器寻找电荷不守恒和泡利不相容原理的违反情况。相关研究成果已于2024年4月11日在国际知名学术期刊《自然—物理学》上发表。

据悉，电荷守恒和泡利不相容原理，源于粒子物理标准模型的基本对称性，往往被视为理所当然的真理。对这些对称性的微小偏离进行高精度检测，或许能为新物理学的发现提供线索。

该研究团队考虑了违反这些过程的三种模型，这些模型将在马约拉纳演示器实验的高纯度锗探测器中产生可检测的电离。通过使用37.5kgyr的曝光，研究人员报道了电子平均寿命的下限，将e→veveve衰变通道的先前最佳极限提高了一个数量级以上。此外，研究人员还开展了针对泡利不相容原理两种可能违反情况的搜索，并设定了在对称量子态中发现电子概率的极限。

附：英文原文

Title: Search for charge non-conservation and Pauli exclusion principle violation with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author:The MAJORANA Collaboration

Issue&Volume: 2024-04-11

Abstract: Charge conservation and the Pauli exclusion principle result from fundamental symmetries in the standard model of particle physics, and are typically taken as axiomatic. High-precision tests for small violations of these symmetries could point to new physics. Here we consider three models for violation of these processes, which would produce detectable ionization in the high-purity germanium detectors of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR experiment. Using a 37.5kgyr exposure, we report a lower limit on the electron mean lifetime, improving the previous best limit for the e→veveve decay channel by more than an order of magnitude. We also present searches for two types of violation of the Pauli exclusion principle, setting limits on the probability of an electron to be found in a symmetric quantum state.

DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02437-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02437-9