近日，奥地利因斯布鲁克大学的Hanns-Christoph Nägerl及其研究团队取得一项新进展。经过不懈努力，他们观察到强相互作用超冷玻色子二维-一维交叉现象。相关研究成果已于2024年4月9日在国际知名学术期刊《自然—物理学》上发表。

该研究团队揭示了强相互作用超冷玻色子在不同距离探测时，能够分别感知到一维或二维的特性。他们深入剖析了动量分布，以此探究这种维度交叉现象，并细致研究了单体函数在二维空间中的特征衰减过程。

在跟踪交叉过程中，研究人员观察到衰减特性发生的变化，并发现了一个双斜率结构的变化趋势，这一发现有力支撑了主要研究结果。这些观察结果进一步表明，在维度交叉中，强关联状态下的量子特性如何在维度、相互作用和温度等多重因素交互影响下发生演化。

据悉，维度在确定物理系统的性质和特性方面起着至关重要的作用。这在量子系统中尤其明显，其中相互作用和波动在较低维度中得到增强，从而导致各种不同的量子效应。

附：英文原文

Title: Observation of the 2D–1D crossover in strongly interacting ultracold bosons

Author: Guo, Yanliang, Yao, Hepeng, Ramanjanappa, Satwik, Dhar, Sudipta, Horvath, Milena, Pizzino, Lorenzo, Giamarchi, Thierry, Landini, Manuele, Nagerl, Hanns-Christoph

Issue&Volume: 2024-04-09

Abstract: Dimensionality plays an essential role in determining the nature and properties of a physical system. This is particularly evident in quantum systems, where interactions and fluctuations are enhanced in lower dimensions, leading to various different quantum effects. Here we show that strongly interacting ultracold bosons perceive their dimensionality as either one or two, depending on whether they are probed on short or long distances, respectively. We probe this dimensional crossover using a thorough analysis of the momentum distribution to study the characteristic decay of the one-body correlation function in the two dimensionalities and track how the decay is modified during the crossover. We find a varying two-slope structure, which substantiates the main result. These observations demonstrate how quantum properties in the strongly correlated regime evolve in the dimensional crossover as a result of the interplay between dimensionality, interactions and temperature.

DOI: 10.1038/s41567-024-02459-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-024-02459-3