研究人员表示，肠道免疫系统必须同时容忍食物和共生菌，并保护机体免受病原体侵害。抗原呈递细胞（APC）通过向CD4+ T细胞呈递腔内抗原并诱导其分化为调节性（pTreg）或炎症性（Th）亚群，协调这些免疫反应。
研究人员使用接近标记法（LIPSTIC）识别了在耐受性和炎症条件下呈递膳食抗原的APC，并研究了耐受性诱导的细胞机制及其如何被感染破坏。
蠕虫感染破坏耐受性诱导，其破坏程度与耐受性APC的比例减少相关，这些耐受性APCs包括迁移性树突状细胞（cDC1）和Rorγt+ APC，而炎症性APCs主要是cDC2。由蠕虫感染扩展的这些炎症性cDC2不呈递膳食抗原，从而避免了特定饮食的Th2反应。
附：英文原文
Title: Identification of antigen-presenting cell–T cell interactions driving immune responses to food
Author: Maria C. C. Canesso, Tiago B. R. Castro, Sandra Nakandakari-Higa, Ainsley Lockhart, Julia Luehr, Juliana Bortolatto, Roham Parsa, Daria Esterházy, Mengze Lyu, Tian-Tian Liu, Kenneth M. Murphy, Gregory F. Sonnenberg, Bernardo S. Reis, Gabriel D. Victora, Daniel Mucida
Issue&Volume: 2024-12-19
Abstract: The intestinal immune system must concomitantly tolerate food and commensals and protect against pathogens. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) orchestrate these immune responses by presenting luminal antigens to CD4+ T cells and inducing their differentiation into regulatory (pTreg) or inflammatory (Th) subsets. We used a proximity labeling method (LIPSTIC) to identify APCs that presented dietary antigens under tolerizing and inflammatory conditions and understand cellular mechanisms by which tolerance to food is induced and can be disrupted by infection. Helminth infections disrupted tolerance induction proportionally to the reduction in the ratio between tolerogenic APCs, including migratory dendritic cells (cDC1s) and Rorγt+ APCs, and inflammatory APCs, that were primarily cDC2s. These inflammatory cDC2s expanded by helminth infection did not present dietary antigens, thus avoiding diet-specific Th2 responses.
DOI: ado5088
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado5088