近日,加拿大多伦多大学Arthur Mortha及其小组发现,肠道共生原生动物通过塑造肺部免疫决定呼吸系统疾病结局。相关论文于2024年12月19日在线发表在《细胞》杂志上。
研究人员发现肠道共生原生动物Tritrichomonas musculis(T.mu)通过远程调控肺部免疫环境,促进嗜酸性粒细胞对气道的围血管保护。肺特异性嗜酸性粒细胞增多依赖于肠道来源的2型先天淋巴样细胞与肺常驻T细胞和B细胞之间的三方免疫网络。
该网络加剧了过敏性气道炎症的严重程度,同时抑制了肺结核分枝分枝分布的全身传播。研究人员在严重过敏性哮喘患者的痰液中检测到原生动物DNA序列,进一步强调了共生原生动物在人体疾病中的相关性。
总的来说,这些发现表明,肠道共生原生动物通过一个由肠道驱动的肺部免疫网络调节肺部免疫,促使宿主对环境气道过敏原和肺部感染产生既有益又有害的疾病反应。
研究人员表示,肠道微生物群如何塑造宿主疾病结局的潜在机制尚不完全明了。
附:英文原文
Title: A gut commensal protozoan determines respiratory disease outcomes by shaping pulmonary immunity
Author: Kyle Burrows, Louis Ngai, Pailin Chiaranunt, Jacqueline Watt, Sarah Popple, Brian Forde, Saven Denha, Vitoria M. Olyntho, Siu Ling Tai, Eric Yixiao Cao, Susana Tejeda-Garibay, Joshua F.E. Koenig, Katrin D. Mayer-Barber, Catherine J. Streutker, Katrina K. Hoyer, Lisa C. Osborne, Jun Liu, Liam O’Mahony, Arthur Mortha
Issue&Volume: 2024-12-19
Abstract: The underlying mechanisms used by the intestinal microbiota to shape disease outcomes of the host are poorly understood. Here, we show that the gut commensal protozoan, Tritrichomonas musculis (T.mu), remotely shapes the lung immune landscape to facilitate perivascular shielding of the airways by eosinophils. Lung-specific eosinophilia requires a tripartite immune network between gut-derived inflammatory group 2 innate lymphoid cells and lung-resident T cells and B cells. This network exacerbates the severity of allergic airway inflammation while hindering the systemic dissemination of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The identification of protozoan DNA sequences in the sputum of patients with severe allergic asthma further emphasizes the relevance of commensal protozoa in human disease. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that a commensal protozoan tunes pulmonary immunity via a gut-operated lung immune network, promoting both beneficial and detrimental disease outcomes in response to environmental airway allergens and pulmonary infections.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.11.020
Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/abstract/S0092-8674(24)01336-9