据介绍，来自尼安德特人的基因流塑造了现代人的遗传和表型变异。该课题组研究人员制作了一个尼安德特人祖先片段的目录，涵盖了过去5万年的300多个基因组。该课题组研究人员研究了尼安德特人的祖先是如何随着时间的推移在个体之间共享的。
他们的分析显示，绝大多数尼安德特人的基因流动可归因于，50,500至43,500年前发生的单一、共享的基因流动延长时期，这一点可以通过祖先相关性、尼安德特人片段在个体之间的共居以及尼安德特人序列的差异来证明。大多数对尼安德特人变种的自然选择——积极的和消极的——在基因流动之后迅速发生。他们的发现为了解与尼安德特人的接触，如何影响现代人的起源和适应提供了新的见解。
附：英文原文
Title: Neanderthal ancestry through time: Insights from genomes of ancient and present-day humans
Author: Leonardo N. M. Iasi, Manjusha Chintalapati, Laurits Skov, Alba Bossoms Mesa, Mateja Hajdinjak, Benjamin M. Peter, Priya Moorjani
Issue&Volume: 2024-12-13
Abstract: Gene flow from Neanderthals has shaped genetic and phenotypic variation in modern humans. We generated a catalog of Neanderthal ancestry segments in more than 300 genomes spanning the past 50,000 years. We examined how Neanderthal ancestry is shared among individuals over time. Our analysis revealed that the vast majority of Neanderthal gene flow is attributable to a single, shared extended period of gene flow that occurred between 50,500 to 43,500 years ago, as evidenced by ancestry correlation, colocalization of Neanderthal segments across individuals, and divergence from the sequenced Neanderthals. Most natural selection—positive and negative—on Neanderthal variants occurred rapidly after the gene flow. Our findings provide new insights into how contact with Neanderthals shaped modern human origins and adaptation.
DOI: adq3010
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq3010