据研究人员介绍，尽管火山爆发引发的海啸可能是毁灭性的，但水下火山爆发引发海啸的可能性尚不明确。
该研究团队设计了将加压蒸汽垂直注入水箱的实验，以探明水下火山喷发的蒸汽是如何产生海啸的。研究人员根据水深、震源强度和持续时间的综合影响，对不同喷发条件下的结果进行了划分，确定了浅、中、深三种喷发状态。
浅喷发和中喷发之间的过渡特征是临界深度使海啸波高最大化，而中喷发和深喷发之间的过渡特征是安全壳深度抑制表面扰动。
结果显示，水深和震源强度是控制最大波幅的主要因素，比喷射持续时间和凝结时间的影响更大。实验结果和支持性量纲分析提高了研究人员对水下火山爆发如何形成海啸的理解，同时也为推进海啸产生模型提供了完整的数据集。
附：英文原文
Title: Physical experiments of waves generated by submerged steam eruptions with applications to volcanic tsunamis
Author: Yaxiong Shen, Colin N. Whittaker, Emily M. Lane, James D. L. White, William Power
Issue&Volume: 2024-11-08
Abstract: The tsunamigenic potential of underwater volcanic eruptions is not well understood, even though eruption-generated tsunamis can be devastating. To address how erupted steam bursts from underwater volcanoes generate tsunamis, we present the experiments, using pressurized steam injected vertically into a water tank. Results over various eruption conditions identify three eruption regimes, namely, shallow-, intermediate-, and deep-water eruptions, according to the combined effects of water depths, source strengths, and source durations. The transition between shallow and intermediate eruptions is characterized by critical depths maximizing tsunami wave heights, while the transition between intermediate and deep eruptions is characterized by containment depths inhibiting surface disturbances. Water depth and source intensity are the dominant factors controlling maximum wave amplitudes, more so than aspects of jet duration and condensation. These experiments and supporting dimensional analysis improve our understanding of how underwater volcanic eruptions form tsunamis, while also providing a complete dataset for advancing tsunami generation models.
DOI: adk6208
Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adk6208