中国农业大学袁力行等研究人员合作总结了玉米中氮利用效率的遗传和分子机制。2024年11月6日，《遗传学报》在线发表了这一成果。

研究人员综述了玉米中氮吸收、同化和再分配的遗传和分子调控，强调了在提高氮利用效率（NUE）中的关键基因和代谢通路的作用。研究人员总结了氮运输的遗传调控因子，包括有助于高效氮吸收和运输的硝酸盐（NO₃^-）和铵盐（NH₄⁺）转运蛋白。

研究人员进一步讨论了根系系统如何适应氮分布，以及氮如何影响根系系统的发育和生长。鉴于高通量微生物组研究的进展，研究人员探讨了根际微生物对NUE的影响，及其调控玉米NUE的复杂植物-微生物相互作用。

此外，研究人员总结了玉米中氮同化和再分配的复杂调控机制，包括关键酶、转录因子和氨基酸转运蛋白的作用。研究人员还审视了玉米中已知的氮信号感知和传导机制。该综述强调了提高玉米NUE的挑战，并倡导采用综合研究方法，结合遗传多样性和合成生物学，为可持续农业铺平道路。

研究人员表示，氮对作物生长和产量至关重要，并且影响食品质量。然而，过量使用氮肥会导致高昂的农业成本和环境挑战。

附：英文原文

Title: Genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying nitrogen use efficiency in maize

Author: Jianfang Li a , Lixing Yuan a b

Issue&Volume: 2024/11/06

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) is vital for crop growth and yield, impacting food quality. However, excessive use of N fertilizers leads to high agricultural costs and environmental challenges. This review offers a thorough synthesis of the genetic and molecular regulation of N uptake, assimilation, and remobilization in maize, emphasizing the role of key genes and metabolic pathways in enhancing N use efficiency (NUE). We summarize the genetic regulators of N transports for nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) that contribute to efficient N uptake and transportation. We further discuss the molecular mechanisms by which root system development adapts to N distribution and how N influences root system development and growth. Given the advancements in high-throughput microbiome studies, we delve into the impact of rhizosphere microorganisms on NUE and the complex plant-microbe interactions that regulate maize NUE. Additionally, we conclude with intricate regulatory mechanisms of N assimilation and remobilization in maize, involving key enzymes, transcription factors and amino acid transporters. We also scrutinize the known N signaling perception and transduction mechanisms in maize. This review underscores the challenges in improving maize NUE and advocates for an integrative research approach that leverages genetic diversity and synthetic biology, paving the way for sustainable agriculture.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.10.007

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1673852724002819