德国莱布尼茨植物遗传与作物研究所Nils Stein团队，报道了野生和驯化大麦泛基因组的结构变异。2024年11月13日出版的《自然》杂志发表了这一最新研究成果。

研究人员表示，泛基因组是一个物种的多个个体的带注释的基因组序列的集合。这些数据集揭示的结构变异是作物遗传分析的重要资产。

研究小组报告了大麦的全基因组，包括76个野生和驯化基因组的长读序列组装和1315个基因型的短读序列数据。作物序列变异的扩展目录包括结构复杂的位点，丰富的基因拷贝数变异。为了证明泛基因组的实用性，该课题组重点研究了它们与抗病、植物结构、养分释放和毛状体发育有关的位点。

研究人员在一个白粉病抗性位点发现了新的等位基因变异，并在营养分枝调控中发现了种群特异性拷贝数增加。优质麦芽中淀粉裂解酶家族的扩展，与微量麦芽试验中酶活性的变化有关。一个增强子基序的缺失，可能会改变大麦籽粒毛状附属物的发育轨迹。他们的发现表明，结构复杂位点上的等位基因多样性，可能有助于作物适应农业生态系统中新的选择机制。

附：英文原文

Title: Structural variation in the pangenome of wild and domesticated barley

Author: Jayakodi, Murukarthick, Lu, Qiongxian, Pidon, Hlne, Rabanus-Wallace, M. Timothy, Bayer, Micha, Lux, Thomas, Guo, Yu, Jaegle, Benjamin, Badea, Ana, Bekele, Wubishet, Brar, Gurcharn S., Braune, Katarzyna, Bunk, Boyke, Chalmers, Kenneth J., Chapman, Brett, Jrgensen, Morten Egevang, Feng, Jia-Wu, Feser, Manuel, Fiebig, Anne, Gundlach, Heidrun, Guo, Wenbin, Haberer, Georg, Hansson, Mats, Himmelbach, Axel, Hoffie, Iris, Hoffie, Robert E., Hu, Haifei, Isobe, Sachiko, Knig, Patrick, Kale, Sandip M., Kamal, Nadia, Keeble-Gagnre, Gabriel, Keller, Beat, Knauft, Manuela, Koppolu, Ravi, Krattinger, Simon G., Kumlehn, Jochen, Langridge, Peter, Li, Chengdao, Marone, Marina P., Maurer, Andreas, Mayer, Klaus F. X., Melzer, Michael, Muehlbauer, Gary J., Murozuka, Emiko, Padmarasu, Sudharsan, Perovic, Dragan, Pillen, Klaus, Pin, Pierre A., Pozniak, Curtis J., Ramsay, Luke, Pedas, Pai Rosager, Rutten, Twan, Sakuma, Shun, Sato, Kazuhiro, Schler, Danuta, Schmutzer, Thomas, Scholz, Uwe, Schreiber, Miriam, Shirasawa, Kenta, Simpson, Craig, Skadhauge, Birgitte, Spannagl, Manuel, Steffenson, Brian J., Thomsen, Hanne C., Tibbits, Josquin F., Nielsen, Martin Toft Simmelsgaard, Trautewig, Corinna, Vequaud, Dominique, Voss, Cynthia, Wang, Penghao

Issue&Volume: 2024-11-13

Abstract: Pangenomes are collections of annotated genome sequences of multiple individuals of a species1. The structural variants uncovered by these datasets are a major asset to genetic analysis in crop plants2. Here we report a pangenome of barley comprising long-read sequence assemblies of 76 wild and domesticated genomes and short-read sequence data of 1,315 genotypes. An expanded catalogue of sequence variation in the crop includes structurally complex loci that are rich in gene copy number variation. To demonstrate the utility of the pangenome, we focus on four loci involved in disease resistance, plant architecture, nutrient release and trichome development. Novel allelic variation at a powdery mildew resistance locus and population-specific copy number gains in a regulator of vegetative branching were found. Expansion of a family of starch-cleaving enzymes in elite malting barleys was linked to shifts in enzymatic activity in micro-malting trials. Deletion of an enhancer motif is likely to change the developmental trajectory of the hairy appendages on barley grains. Our findings indicate that allelic diversity at structurally complex loci may have helped crop plants to adapt to new selective regimes in agricultural ecosystems.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08187-1

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08187-1