德国马克斯·普朗克分子生物医学研究所Ralf H. Adams等研究人员合作发现，成人颅骨骨髓是一个扩展和有韧性的造血储备库。2024年11月13日，《自然》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员利用成像、药理学方法和小鼠遗传学，揭示了成人及衰老头骨骨髓的特殊特性。具体而言，研究人员发现头骨骨髓在终生扩展过程中涉及血管生长，进而增加其对总造血输出的贡献。此外，头骨在衰老的主要特征方面表现出显著的保护性，包括炎性细胞因子的上调、脂肪生成和血管完整性的丧失。

头骨血管和骨髓在生理改变（如妊娠）以及病理性挑战（如中风和实验性慢性髓性白血病）下，表现出快速而动态的变化。这些响应与股骨（最广泛研究的骨髓区室）有显著不同。

研究人员提出，头骨蕴藏着一个受保护的、动态扩展的骨髓微环境，这对实验研究和潜在的临床治疗具有重要意义。

据了解，骨髓微环境是造血干细胞自我更新和命运的关键调控因子。尽管人们已认识到衰老、慢性炎症和其他伤害因素会损害骨髓功能，从而负面影响造血，但尚不清楚不同的骨骼区室是否展现出不同的微环境特性和功能韧性。

附：英文原文

Title: Adult skull bone marrow is an expanding and resilient haematopoietic reservoir

Author: Koh, Bong Ihn, Mohanakrishnan, Vishal, Jeong, Hyun-Woo, Park, Hongryeol, Kruse, Kai, Choi, Young Jun, Nieminen-Kelh, Melina, Kumar, Rahul, Pereira, Raquel S., Adams, Susanne, Lee, Hyuek Jong, Bixel, M. Gabriele, Vajkoczy, Peter, Krause, Daniela S., Adams, Ralf H.

Issue&Volume: 2024-11-13

Abstract: The bone marrow microenvironment is a critical regulator of haematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and fate1. Although it is appreciated that ageing, chronic inflammation and other insults compromise bone marrow function and thereby negatively affect haematopoiesis2, it is not known whether different bone compartments exhibit distinct microenvironmental properties and functional resilience. Here we use imaging, pharmacological approaches and mouse genetics to uncover specialized properties of bone marrow in adult and ageing skull. Specifically, we show that the skull bone marrow undergoes lifelong expansion involving vascular growth, which results in an increasing contribution to total haematopoietic output. Furthermore, skull is largely protected against major hallmarks of ageing, including upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipogenesis and loss of vascular integrity. Conspicuous rapid and dynamic changes to the skull vasculature and bone marrow are induced by physiological alterations, namely pregnancy, but also pathological challenges, such as stroke and experimental chronic myeloid leukaemia. These responses are highly distinct from femur, the most extensively studied bone marrow compartment. We propose that skull harbours a protected and dynamically expanding bone marrow microenvironment, which is relevant for experimental studies and, potentially, for clinical treatments in humans.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08163-9

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08163-9