德国马克斯·普朗克分子生物医学研究所Ralf H. Adams团队近期取得重要工作进展，他们研究提出，特化的动脉后毛细血管有助于成人骨骼的重塑。相关研究成果2024年11月11日在线发表于《自然—细胞生物学》杂志上。

据介绍，骨骼系统的血管系统对骨形成、骨平衡和骨折修复至关重要，但骨相关血管的多样性和特化仍然知之甚少。

研究人员鉴定出了一种特殊类型的动脉后毛细血管，称为R型，参与骨重塑。R型毛细血管在青春期出现在小梁骨周围，具有独特的形态和分子特征，与骨祖细胞和骨吸收破骨细胞有关。

在出生后的小鼠中，转录因子DACH1的内皮细胞特异性过表达诱导动脉和R型毛细血管的强烈增加，导致局部代谢变化，并在通常高度缺氧的骨干区域形成小梁骨。

这些血管对抗骨质疏松治疗有反应，并在衰老过程中出现在已知会削弱致密骨的多孔结构内，这表明R型毛细血管具有潜在的临床相关性。

总之，这一研究工作概述了发育、成人和衰老骨骼系统中血管特化的基本原则。

附：英文原文

Title: Specialized post-arterial capillaries facilitate adult bone remodelling

Author: Mohanakrishnan, Vishal, Sivaraj, Kishor K., Jeong, Hyun-Woo, Bovay, Esther, Dharmalingam, Backialakshmi, Bixel, M. Gabriele, Dinh, Van Vuong, Petkova, Milena, Paredes Ugarte, Isidora, Kuo, Yi-Tong, Gurusamy, Malarvizhi, Raftrey, Brian, Chu, Nelson Tsz Long, Das, Soumyashree, Rios Coronado, Pamela E., Stehling, Martin, Svendahl, Lars, Chagin, Andrei S., Mkinen, Taija, Red-Horse, Kristy, Adams, Ralf H.

Issue&Volume: 2024-11-11

Abstract: The vasculature of the skeletal system is crucial for bone formation, homoeostasis and fracture repair, yet the diversity and specialization of bone-associated vessels remain poorly understood. Here we identify a specialized type of post-arterial capillary, termed type R, involved in bone remodelling. Type R capillaries emerge during adolescence around trabecular bone, possess a distinct morphology and molecular profile, and are associated with osteoprogenitors and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Endothelial cell-specific overexpression of the transcription factor DACH1 in postnatal mice induces a strong increase in arteries and type R capillaries, leading to local metabolic changes and enabling trabecular bone formation in normally highly hypoxic areas of the diaphysis. Indicating potential clinical relevance of type R capillaries, these vessels respond to anti-osteoporosis treatments and emerge during ageing inside porous structures that are known to weaken compact bone. Our work outlines fundamental principles of vessel specialization in the developing, adult and ageing skeletal system.

DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01545-1

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41556-024-01545-1