美国康涅狄格大学Duygu Ucar小组揭示与老年人对结合型和非结合型肺炎球菌多糖疫苗反应相关的不同基线免疫特征。2024年1月5日，《自然—免疫学》杂志在线发表了这项成果。

研究人员为39名老年人（60岁以上）接种了PPSV23或PCV13疫苗，观察到了相似的抗体反应（第28天）和浆细胞转录反应（第10天）；然而，基线预测因素却截然不同。对基线流式细胞术以及大量和单细胞RNA序列数据的分析表明，基线表型与PCV13反应较弱特别相关，其特征是细胞毒性相关基因的表达增加、CD16⁺自然杀伤细胞和产生白细胞介素-17的辅助性T细胞的频率增加以及1型辅助性T细胞的频率降低。

与女性相比，男性对PCV13表现出更强的这种表型，而对PCV13的反应却更弱。一组不同基因的基线表达水平可预测PPSV23的反应。这项针对老年人的肺炎球菌精准疫苗学研究发现了不同的基线预测因子，这些因子可能会改变疫苗接种策略并启动新的干预措施。

据介绍，肺炎球菌感染会导致老年人重病和死亡。荚膜多糖疫苗PPSV23和共轭替代疫苗PCV13可以预防这些感染；然而，潜在的免疫反应和基线预测因素仍然未知。

附：英文原文

Title: Distinct baseline immune characteristics associated with responses to conjugated and unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines in older adults

Author: Ravichandran, Sathyabaarathi, Erra-Diaz, Fernando, Karakaslar, Onur E., Marches, Radu, Kenyon-Pesce, Lisa, Rossi, Robert, Chaussabel, Damien, Nehar-Belaid, Djamel, LaFon, David C., Pascual, Virginia, Palucka, Karolina, Paust, Silke, Nahm, Moon H., Kuchel, George A., Banchereau, Jacques, Ucar, Duygu

Issue&Volume: 2024-01-05

Abstract: Pneumococcal infections cause serious illness and death among older adults. The capsular polysaccharide vaccine PPSV23 and conjugated alternative PCV13 can prevent these infections; yet, underlying immunological responses and baseline predictors remain unknown. We vaccinated 39 older adults (>60 years) with PPSV23 or PCV13 and observed comparable antibody responses (day 28) and plasmablast transcriptional responses (day 10); however, the baseline predictors were distinct. Analyses of baseline flow cytometry and bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing data revealed a baseline phenotype specifically associated with weaker PCV13 responses, which was characterized by increased expression of cytotoxicity-associated genes, increased frequencies of CD16+ natural killer cells and interleukin-17-producing helper T cells and a decreased frequency of type 1 helper T cells. Men displayed this phenotype more robustly and mounted weaker PCV13 responses than women. Baseline expression levels of a distinct gene set predicted PPSV23 responses. This pneumococcal precision vaccinology study in older adults uncovered distinct baseline predictors that might transform vaccination strategies and initiate novel interventions.

DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01717-5

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-023-01717-5