美国威尔康奈尔医学院大脑和精神研究所Josef Anrather研究组，进行了实验性脑卒中急性期和亚急性期脑和血液单细胞转录组学分析。相关论文发表在2024年1月4日出版的《自然—免疫学》杂志上。

他们对小鼠缺血性中风后2天或14天的大脑和血细胞进行了单细胞转录组学研究。他们观察到缺血后小胶质细胞、单核细胞来源的巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞随着时间的推移出现了强烈的分化，而内皮细胞和脑相关巨噬细胞在中风后2天表现出改变的转录组特征。轨迹推断预测巨噬细胞从血液单核细胞原位转分化为第2天和第14天表型，而中性粒细胞预计将不断从血液中重新招募。

雌性和雄性老年小鼠的大脑单细胞转录组与年轻雄性小鼠相似，但老年和年轻小鼠的大脑免疫细胞组成不同。尽管血液白细胞分析也显示卒中后转录组发生改变，但脑浸润性白细胞比循环白细胞表现出更高的转录组差异，这表明表型多样化发生在缺血性卒中的早期和恢复阶段。他们提供了一个链接(https://anratherlab.shinyapps.io/strokevis/)，允许用户友好地访问他们的数据。

据了解，脑缺血引发强烈的炎症反应，涉及外周白细胞和脑驻留细胞，有助于组织损伤和修复。然而，人们对它们的动态和多样性仍然知之甚少。

附：英文原文

Title: Analysis of brain and blood single-cell transcriptomics in acute and subacute phases after experimental stroke

Author: Garcia-Bonilla, Lidia, Shahanoor, Ziasmin, Sciortino, Rose, Nazarzoda, Omina, Racchumi, Gianfranco, Iadecola, Costantino, Anrather, Josef

Issue&Volume: 2024-01-04

Abstract: Cerebral ischemia triggers a powerful inflammatory reaction involving peripheral leukocytes and brain resident cells that contribute to both tissue injury and repair. However, their dynamics and diversity remain poorly understood. To address these limitations, we performed a single-cell transcriptomic study of brain and blood cells 2 or 14 days after ischemic stroke in mice. We observed a strong divergence of post-ischemic microglia, monocyte-derived macrophages and neutrophils over time, while endothelial cells and brain-associated macrophages showed altered transcriptomic signatures at 2 days poststroke. Trajectory inference predicted the in situ trans-differentiation of macrophages from blood monocytes into day 2 and day 14 phenotypes, while neutrophils were projected to be continuously de novo recruited from the blood. Brain single-cell transcriptomes from both female and male aged mice were similar to that of young male mice, but aged and young brains differed in their immune cell composition. Although blood leukocyte analysis also revealed altered transcriptomes after stroke, brain-infiltrating leukocytes displayed higher transcriptomic divergence than their circulating counterparts, indicating that phenotypic diversification occurs within the brain in the early and recovery phases of ischemic stroke. A portal (https://anratherlab.shinyapps.io/strokevis/) is provided to allow user-friendly access to our data.

DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01711-x

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-023-01711-x