中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所朱日祥的课题组近日取得一项新成果。经过不懈努力，他们研究揭示了东南亚群岛构造体系中的多球面相互作用与油气富集机制。这一研究成果发表在2024年1月22日出版的国际学术期刊《中国科学：地球科学》上。

研究人员从地球系统的角度，对东南亚地区新生代构造活动、气候环境演化和油气富集进行了分析，并提出以下见解：(1)大洋板块的俯冲和上覆大陆岩石圈的扩张引起了大范围的火山喷发以及裂谷盆地和浅海陆架的形成，导致深部构造过程与包括山脉、盆地和海洋在内的地球表面之间发生的复杂相互作用。(2)微大陆增生和在赤道低纬度地区的长时间停留已经将信风转变为季风，改变了洋流路径和流速，深刻影响了降水和气候。(3)群岛构造体系加上炎热多雨的气候，孕育了热带雨林、红树林和浮游植物，提供了丰富的有机质并促进了石油资源的开发。(4)裂谷盆地发育与海侵海退相结合，形成了多个含油气系统的“生-储-盖”组合的有效叠加。有机质的快速深埋和高地温梯度促进了油气的生成和大规模聚集。(5)多球面(例如大气圈、生物圈、水圈、岩石圈)相互作用是多个构造板块汇聚的结果，常被认为是东南亚地区新生代油气异常富集的主要驱动因素。

这些认识对于在地球系统科学指导下发展油气富集理论具有重要意义。研究结果强调，为了继续在东南亚地区的深层、深水和非常规油气田中取得重大油气勘探发现，应重视澳大利亚和桑达板块碰撞以及高温多雨气候环境对油气资源的影响，并努力发展近海富CO₂气田的经济开发和CO₂封存技术。

据悉，全球变冷始于50Ma。但东南亚的群岛构造体系中保持了温暖的气候，形成并保存了丰富的新生代油气资源。

附：英文原文

Title: Multi-spherical interactions and mechanisms of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Southeast Asian archipelagic tectonic system

Author: Rixiang ZHU, Hongjun WANG, Huajian WANG, Xiaomei WANG, Bo WANG, Wang ZHANG, Houqin ZHU, Junlai LIU, Qinren MENG, Fang HAO, Zhijun JIN

Issue&Volume: 2024-01-22

Abstract: Global cooling began since 50Ma, but a warm climate was maintained in the archipelagic tectonic system in Southeast Asia where a wealth of Cenozoic oil and gas resources was formed and preserved. From the perspective of Earth system, this study analyzes Cenozoic tectonic activities, climatic and environmental evolution, and petroleum enrichment in Southeast Asia, and provides the following insights: (1) Subduction of oceanic plates and the extension of overlying continental lithosphere resulted in widespread volcanic eruptions as well as the formation of rift basins and shallow marine shelves, leading to complex interactions between deep tectonic processes and Earth’s surface including mountains, basins, and seas. (2) Microcontinental accretion and prolonged stay in equatorial low-latitude regions have changed trade winds into monsoons, altered ocean current pathways and flow rates, and profoundly affected rainfall and climate. (3) The archipelagic tectonic system, coupled with a hot and rainy climate, fostered tropical rainforests, mangroves, and phytoplankton, providing abundant organic matter and promoting the development of petroleum resources. (4) Combinations of rift basin development and marine transgression and regression led to an effective superposition of source-reservoir-seal combinations from multiplepetroleum systems. Rapid deep burial of organic matter and high geothermal gradients facilitated the generation and large-scale accumulation of oil and gas. (5) Multi-spherical (such as atmosphere,biosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere) interactions on the Earth, which resulted from the convergence of multiple tectonic plates, are believed as the primary driver for exceptional enrichments of Cenozoic oil and gas resources in Southeast Asia. These understandings are significant for developing theories of oil and gas enrichment under the guidance of Earth System Science. In order to continue making significant oil and gas exploration discoveries in the deep-layers, deep-waters, and unconventional oil and gas fields of Southeast Asia, attention should be paid to the oil and gas resource effects of the collision between Australia and Sunda blocks and the high-temperature and high-rainfall climate environment, and efforts should be made to develop economic development and CO2 sequestration technologies for offshore CO2-rich gas fields.

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-023-1254-4

Source: https://www.sciengine.com/10.1007/s11430-023-1254-4