美国约翰霍普金斯大学Fengyi Wan团队近期取得重要工作进展，他们研究提出，母乳中的补体可通过改变子代肠道菌群来促进婴儿健康。相关研究成果2024年1月18日在线发表于《细胞》杂志上。

据介绍，母乳喂养通过提供营养和免疫保护以及塑造肠道共生微生物群，为新生儿和婴儿提供了明显的益处。尽管几十年来人们一直认为母乳中含有补体成分，但母乳中补体的生理相关性仍不明确。

研究人员发现，由补体缺乏母鼠培育的断奶小鼠在暴露于鼠病原体柠檬酸杆菌（CR）时会迅速死亡，而在母乳中含有补体的乳汁中培育的幼崽则显示出，通过C1依赖性、抗体非依赖性机制直接裂解革兰氏阳性肠道共生微生物群的特定成员，导致膜攻击复合物的沉积和随后的细菌裂解。通过选择性地消除共生肠道群落的成员，母乳中的补体成分形成新生儿和婴儿肠道微生物组成，以保护其免受CR等环境病原体的侵害。

附：英文原文

Title: Complement in breast milk modifies offspring gut microbiota to promote infant health

Author: Dongqing Xu, Siyu Zhou, Yue Liu, Alan L. Scott, Jian Yang, Fengyi Wan

Issue&Volume: 2024-01-18

Abstract: Breastfeeding offers demonstrable benefits to newborns and infants by providing nourishmentand immune protection and by shaping the gut commensal microbiota. Although it hasbeen appreciated for decades that breast milk contains complement components, thephysiological relevance of complement in breast milk remains undefined. Here, we demonstratethat weanling mice fostered by complement-deficient dams rapidly succumb when exposedto murine pathogen Citrobacter rodentium (CR), whereas pups fostered on complement-containing milk complement components inbreast milk were shown to directly lyse specific members of gram-positive gut commensalmicrobiota via a C1-dependent, antibody-independent mechanism, resulting in the depositionof the membrane attack complex and subsequent bacterial lysis. By selectively eliminatingmembers of the commensal gut community, complement components from breast milk shapeneonate and infant gut microbial composition to be protective against environmentalpathogens such as CR.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.12.019

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)01384-3