中国科学院Bin Han和中国农业科学院Shihua Yang共同合作，近期取得重要工作进展。他们通过研究水稻杂交基因组的结构和功能，揭示了杂种优势的遗传基础和最佳性能。相关研究成果2023年9月7日在线发表于《自然—遗传学》杂志上。

据介绍，作物杂种优势的开发对提高全球农业产量至关重要。然而，杂种优势的定量基因组分析缺乏，目前也缺少有效的预测工具来优化杂交组合。

通过对2839个杂交水稻品种和9839个分离个体进行重新测序和表型分析，研究人员表明，籼稻杂交改良育种是一个拓宽遗传资源的过程，可以通过组合选择聚合出有利的等位基因，并通过消除负显性基因座上的劣势等位基因来协同改良双亲。

此外，研究人员发现，广泛的遗传互补性有助于产量性状中的籼-粳稻亚种间杂种优势，显性效应位点对表型变异的贡献大于超显性效应位点。在综合数据集的基础上，开发并优化了适用于不同水稻品种的基因组模型，以预测杂交组合的性能。

总之，这一数据为进一步理解和促进水稻杂种优势的利用提供了宝贵的资源。

附：英文原文

Title: Structure and function of rice hybrid genomes reveal genetic basis and optimal performance of heterosis

Author: Gu, Zhoulin, Gong, Junyi, Zhu, Zhou, Li, Zhen, Feng, Qi, Wang, Changsheng, Zhao, Yan, Zhan, Qilin, Zhou, Congcong, Wang, Ahong, Huang, Tao, Zhang, Lei, Tian, Qilin, Fan, Danlin, Lu, Yiqi, Zhao, Qiang, Huang, Xuehui, Yang, Shihua, Han, Bin

Issue&Volume: 2023-09-07

Abstract: Exploitation of crop heterosis is crucial for increasing global agriculture production. However, the quantitative genomic analysis of heterosis was lacking, and there is currently no effective prediction tool to optimize cross-combinations. Here 2,839 rice hybrid cultivars and 9,839 segregation individuals were resequenced and phenotyped. Our findings demonstrated that indica–indica hybrid-improving breeding was a process that broadened genetic resources, pyramided breeding-favorable alleles through combinatorial selection and collaboratively improved both parents by eliminating the inferior alleles at negative dominant loci. Furthermore, we revealed that widespread genetic complementarity contributed to indica–japonica intersubspecific heterosis in yield traits, with dominance effect loci making a greater contribution to phenotypic variance than overdominance effect loci. On the basis of the comprehensive dataset, a genomic model applicable to diverse rice varieties was developed and optimized to predict the performance of hybrid combinations. Our data offer a valuable resource for advancing the understanding and facilitating the utilization of heterosis in rice. Resequencing of 2,839 hybrid rice cultivars and 9,839 F2 individuals from 18 elite crosses is used to characterize the genetics underlying a range of grain yield-related traits, providing insights into heterosis during breeding and a predictive model.

DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01495-8

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-023-01495-8