近日，美国加州大学旧金山分校Noëlle D. L’Étoile等研究人员合作发现，巩固气味记忆和重塑嗅觉突触需要睡眠。这一研究成果于2023年6月2日在线发表在国际学术期刊《细胞》上。

研究人员表示，具有复杂神经系统的动物需要睡眠来进行记忆巩固和突触重塑。

研究人员表明，尽管线虫神经系统的神经元数量有限，但睡眠对这两个过程都是需要的。此外，目前还不清楚在任何系统中，睡眠是否与经验协作以改变特定神经元之间的突触，以及这是否最终会影响行为。线虫的神经元有明确的联系，并对行为有明确的贡献。结果表明，间隔的气味训练和训练后的睡眠会诱发长期记忆。记忆的巩固，但不是获得，需要一对中间神经元，即AIY，它们在寻找气味的行为中起作用。在巩固记忆的线虫中，睡眠和气味调节都需要减少AWC化学感觉神经元和AIY之间的抑制性突触连接。因此，研究人员在一个活的生物体中证明，在训练后立即进行睡眠，能够推动记忆的巩固并改变突触结构。

附：英文原文

Title: Sleep is required to consolidate odor memory and remodel olfactory synapses

Author: Rashmi Chandra, Fatima Farah, Fernando Muoz-Lobato, Anirudh Bokka, Kelli L. Benedetti, Chantal Brueggemann, Mashel Fatema A. Saifuddin, Julia M. Miller, Joy Li, Eric Chang, Aruna Varshney, Vanessa Jimenez, Anjana Baradwaj, Cibelle Nassif, Sara Alladin, Kristine Andersen, Angel J. Garcia, Veronica Bi, Sarah K. Nordquist, Raymond L. Dunn, Vanessa Garcia, Kateryna Tokalenko, Emily Soohoo, Fabiola Briseno, Sukhdeep Kaur, Malcolm Harris, Hazel Guillen, Decklin Byrd, Brandon Fung, Andrew E. Bykov, Emma Odisho, Bryan Tsujimoto, Alan Tran, Alex Duong, Kevin C. Daigle, Rebekka Paisner, Carlos E. Zuazo, Christine Lin, Aarati Asundi, Matthew A. Churgin, Christopher Fang-Yen, Martina Bremer, Saul Kato, Miri K. VanHoven, Nolle D. L’étoile

Issue&Volume: 2023-06-02

Abstract: Animals with complex nervous systems demand sleep for memory consolidation and synaptic remodeling. Here, we show that, although the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system has a limited number of neurons, sleep is necessary for both processes. In addition, it is unclear if, in any system, sleep collaborates with experience to alter synapses between specific neurons and whether this ultimately affects behavior. C. elegans neurons have defined connections and well-described contributions to behavior. We show that spaced odor-training and post-training sleep induce long-term memory. Memory consolidation, but not acquisition, requires a pair of interneurons, the AIYs, which play a role in odor-seeking behavior. In worms that consolidate memory, both sleep and odor conditioning are required to diminish inhibitory synaptic connections between the AWC chemosensory neurons and the AIYs. Thus, we demonstrate in a living organism that sleep is required for events immediately after training that drive memory consolidation and alter synaptic structures.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.05.006

Source: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)00525-1